Download File - CCI 7TH GRADE SCIENCE

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HEREDITY CLASS NOTES
Heredity is: the passing of genetic information from one generation to the next generation
NUCLEUS:
GENES:
Part of the cell
that contains
chromosomes
and controls all
cell activities.
Genetic
instructions that
determine a
specific trait.
Ex: hair color
CHROMOSOME: Structures made of DNA; they determine all inherited traits of the organism.
Humans have 23 pairs = 46 individual chromosomes. 23 from each parent (23 in egg & 23 in the sperm).
SEXUAL REPRODUCTION: Two sex cells (egg
ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION: A new organism is
and sperm) join to form a new organism with a
produced from one parent. It has identical DNA as
unique identity.
parent organism.
EGG
SPERM
Fission
Budding
Regeneration
FERTILIZATION: The joining of a sperm (male sex
FISSION: Parent cell splits into 2 separate
cell) and egg (female sex cell)
identical cells.
ZYGOTE: New cell that forms as the result of the
BUDDING: Growth off of parent breaks off
sperm fertilizing the egg.
creating identical offspring.
It will divide & produce a unique multicellular
REGENERATION: An identical offspring is
organism.
created from broken piece of parent organism.
Compare and contrast SEXUAL & ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION using the graphic organizer below.
REPRODUCTION
(A characteristic of Living Things)
ASEXUAL
SEXUAL
 Only 1 parent reproduces
 Genetically IDENTICAL offspring are
reproduced.
 2 parents of opposite sex – male &
female
 2 sex cells fertilize to create offspring sperm & egg
 Genetic traits are uniform across a species
 Very little to NO diversity among a species
 Genes are recombined from each parent
to create new GENETICALLY UNIQUE
offspring
 FISSION: parent cell splits in two.
EX: Amoeba & Bacteria
 BUDDING: A growth off parent organism.
 Chromosomes (xx) have unique genetic
instructions which determine INHERITED
traits.
EX: Hydra
 REGENERATION: a piece of parent
regrows
EX: Planarian & Starfish
EX: Roses, Dalmatians, Lions, Humans
 Each offspring is genetically unique with
its own diverse traits. No two are alike!
 This allows a variety of traits within a
species.
GENETICALLY DIFFERENT THAN PARENT
GENETICALLY IDENTICAL TO PARENT
 Both create offspring from genetic
information to continue a species.