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November 30, 2011 Classical / Mendelian Genetics Inheritance Patterns November 30, 2011 Mendel Re-Enactment Axial vs. Terminal Flowers What will the genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the offspring be? November 30, 2011 What will the genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the offspring be? What will the genotypic & phenotypic ratios of the offspring be? November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 Complete practice examples #1-5 from your booklet pages 6 and 7 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 Complete practice examples #6-9 from your booklet pages 7 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 Complete practice examples #10-13 from your booklet page 8 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 Complete practice examples #14-16 from your booklet page 9 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 1 What will the phenotypic ratio of the F1 offspring be? ___ White: ___ Black November 30, 2011 2 What percentage of the F1 offspring would you expect to be white? 3 What will the genotypic ratios of the F1 generation be? ___ BB: ___ Bb: ___ bb November 30, 2011 4 Suppose a true-breeding right handed person and a true-breeding left handed person had children. What percentage of their children would be right handed? 5 Suppose two heterozygous individuals had children, what percentage of the offspring would be left handed? November 30, 2011 6 Suppose two heterozygous individuals had children. What percentage of the children would you expect to have the homozygous dominant? 7 A couple have 9 children. Of the 9 children, 7 can roll their tongues, and 2 can't. What are the possible genotypes of the parents? Choose all answers that are possible. A Father: tt Mother: tt B Father Tt Mother Tt C Father TT D Father Tt Mother tt Mother tt Which is most likely? November 30, 2011 Testcross Example Black wool is very brittle and is difficult to dye. A rancher an avoid getting black sheep in his flock by only breeding homozygous dominant sheep (WW). The rancher first has to determine if his white sheep are actually homozygous. Show how he could determine the unknown genotype of his white sheep by using a testcross. Multiple Alleles Example You are in the process of performing genetic experiments on flies in the lab when all of your flies escape. You manage to trap a couple of flies but you no longer know what genotype they are. One of the flies has red eyes, and the other has white eyes. You perform a testcross with the two and half of the resulting progeny have apricot eyes. What was the genotype of your parent flye with red eyes? Will any of your progeny have white eyes? Explain November 30, 2011 Incomplete Dominance 8 There are two possible alleles for snapdragon colour, CR (red) and CW (white). These two alleles exhibit incomplete dominance and the phenotype of a heterozygous snapdragon (CRCW) is pink. If you were to cross a red snapdragon with a white snapdragon, what would be the colour distribution of the F2 generation? ___ Red: ___ Pink: ___ White Co-Dominance 9 What percentage of the offspring would you expect to be roan? November 30, 2011 Co-Dominance 10 What percentage of the offspring would you expect to be red? Blood Type Example November 30, 2011 11 This couple can have children with which blood types? Choose all that are possible. A A B B C AB D O 12 Human blood type is determined by co-dominant alleles as well as dominant / recessive alleles. A B There are three different alleles known as I , I , A B and i. The I and I alleles are co-dominant, and the i allele is recessive. A woman with type A blood and a man with type B blood could potentially have offspring with which blood types? A A B B C AB D O November 30, 2011 Sex-Linked Examples 13 In cats an X-linked gene helps to determine colour. Homozygous R genotypes produce orange cats, homozygous r genotypes produce black cats, and heterozygotes are tortoise-shell colour. What percentage of the offspring from the following cross are expected to be orange? XRXr R X Y November 30, 2011 14 Females resulting from this cross will be: A 50% black B 100% black C 50% orange D 100% orange E 50% tortoise shelled F 100% tortoise shelled XrXr Mendel's Law of Independent Assortment XRY November 30, 2011 15 In pea plants, yellow seed colour is dominant to green seed colour and round seeds are dominant to wrinkled seeds. If a homozygous yellow-round seed is crossed with a homozygous green-wrinkled seed, what percentage of the F1 generation will be yellow and wrinkled? X 16 If two of the F1 heterozygous plants (YyRr) from the previous question are crossed, what will the ratio of the F2 plants be? X YyRr YyRr ___ Yellow Round: ___ Yellow Winkled: ___ Green Round: ___ Green Wrinkled November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 November 30, 2011 Feather colour in parakeets is controlled by two genes. For one pigment gene, the B allele produces blue colour, and the b allele does not produce any colour at all. For the other pigment gene, the Y allele produces yellow colour and the y allele does not produce any colour at all. Any genotype containing at least one B and one Y will produce a green parakeet. 1. Which of the following parental genotypes could produce offspring displaying all four different colour patterns? a. BBYy x BbYy b. BbYY x Bbyy c. bbYY x bbyy d. Bbyy x bbYy Feather colour in parakeets is controlled by two genes. For one pigment gene, the B allele produces blue colour, and the b allele does not produce any colour at all. For the other pigment gene, the Y allele produces yellow colour and the y allele does not produce any colour at all. Any genotype containing at least one B and one Y will produce a green parakeet. 2. What is the probability of obtaining a blue parakeet when two green heterozygous parakeets are crossed? a. 0 b. 3/16 c. 1/4 d. 9/16 November 30, 2011 Enlarge for 2nd Question November 30, 2011 Linked Genes PowerPoint November 30, 2011