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BIO212A MIDTERM #1: 9/29/03. PLEASE STAY WITHIN THE SPACE PROVIDED.
You may use non-programmable calculators. You have 60
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1. [1 ea; 5 total] Define any 5 of the 6 below: [1 sentence ea]
A. Gene chip/Microarray
C. Synapsis
Chromatid
D. Eugenics
E Homologous pair
Sister chromatid
Telomere
Heterochromatin
Genome
ANSWER ANY 3 OF THE FOLLOWING 4 QUESTIONS, #2-5
2. [3 ] Identify the following molecules. Be as specific as you can.
3. [3 ] U-235 decays to Pb-207 with a half-life of 704 million years. You are trying to date an ancient
fossil. The ratio of the U-235 to Pb-207 in the rock is 1:31; that is, 1/32 of the U-235 remains in its
original form, while 31/32 has decayed.
a. How old is the fossil that s embedded in the rock?___________________________________
b. Why can t we use carbon dating to date the fossil directly?[1-2 sentences]
4. [3 ] We ve learned that the fact of evolution can be viewed quite independently of Darwin s theory .
A. What is the fact of evolution? [1 sentence]
B. In a sentence or two, what beyond this fact, did Darwin contribute for his major theory,
published in his Origin of Species? [1 sentence]
5. [3 ] What is Mendel s law of Independent Assortment? What specifically is it about cell division that is
responsible for independent assortment?
Answer any 2 of the following 3 questions, #6-8:
6. [5 ] How many different kinds of gametes could individuals of the following genotypes make?
A.
AaBbDD
____________
AaBbDd
_________________
MIDTERM1 September 4, 2007
B. Were you to mate the two individuals above, how many rows and columns would you need?
C. If we mate the two individuals shown above, what percentage of the offspring will be ABD?
7. [5 ] Watson & Crick s structure for DNA relied to a large extent upon X ray crystallography data from
Maurice Wilkins and Roslyn Franklin, and also on an observation called Chargaff s Rule , which stated
that in any DNA,
Watson & Crick s structure consisted of 2 strand of DNA bound together by ______________________
bonds; the two strands are in ___________________________________________________
orientation. When replicating a new strand, the enzyme chooses the appropriate nucleotide, and
attaches it to the _________________________________________________ end of the growing chain.
In eukaryotes, after replication, errors must be dealt with. One major player in DNA correction is
a checkpoint protein called _______________________. If this protein detects DNA damage, it
and then initiates repair. If the DNA is successfully repaired, then ______________________________
if not, this key protein then causes ______________________________________________________.
8. [5 ] You are counseling a couple with some severe genetic problems. The male is heterozygous for
sickle cell anemia, has normal vision, and has a mutant gene for familial Alzheimer s.
The woman HAS sickle cell anemia, is a heterozygous carrier for X linked colorblindness, and is normal
for Alzheimer s.
A. [3 ] What is the chance that their child will have all three disorders: cystic fibrosis,
colorblindness, and Alzheimer s?_______________________________________________________
B. [3 ] What is the chance their child will have at least one of these three disorders?
ANSWER ALL OF THE FOLLOWING:
_______________________________________________
10. [6 ] Wingless is an autosomal recessive trait in flies. You ve crossed a winged male fly of unknown
origin fly with a wingless female. After two weeks, you find 103 winged flies, and 97 wingless in the vial.
A. Using D and d , tell me the genotypes of the two parents:
B. Based upon your answer to A, how many of the 200 flies would you have expected to be
winged, and wingless?
C. Determine a chi-squared value for this cross.
D. How many degrees of freedom are there?
You may need the following formula:_____________________________________________
2
(O E ) 2
E
E. For your hypothesis to be consistent with your data, the P value read from a P value
table would need to be
__________________________________________________________.
11. [4 ] Explain, in as much detail as you can, what goes wrong to cause Down Syndrome. Describe
what normally happens during the appropriate stages of meiosis, and what goes wrong here. You
needn t describe ALL of meiosis, just the stage(s) relevant to Down Syndrome.
13a. [3 ] Nearly everyone, from all major religions and political parties, supports a ban on human
cloning.
What is meant by human cloning in the above statement?
Why is it true that nearly everyone opposes this human cloning at the moment?
13b. [3 ] Briefly describe the difference between normal hemoglobin protein, and sickle cell hemoglobin.
What is the mutation [be as specific as you can], and how does it cause the symptoms of sickle cell
anemia?
B. [2 ] How did humans manage to get 8 similar but different globin genes?
MIDTERM1 September 4, 2007
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