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Name: ______________________________________________ Due Date: _____________________ Unit 6: DNA Structure and Replication Study Guide 1. What did the following scientists do to gain knowledge with regards to genetic material? a. Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins b. James Watson and Francis Crick c. Freidrich Meisher d. Phoebus Levene e. Erwin Chargaff f. Frederick Griffith g. Messelson and Stahl 2. Know the purpose, methods and results of the following experiments: Griffith Avery, MacLeod and McCarthy Hershey and Chase 3. Key Questions you should be able to answer about experiments above: A. Griffith 1928 • Why were mice involved? • What did live R strain bacteria do to the mice? • What did live S strain bacteria do to the mice? • What did heat-­‐ killed S strain bacteria do to the mice? • What did heat-­‐ killed S strain bacteria + live R strain bacteria do to the mice? • What did He find out? B. Avery, MacLeod and McCarthy • If an enzyme that targets DNA is placed in a test tube with bacteria, what will be destroyed? What will still be left in the bacteria? • If an enzyme that targets RNA is placed in a test tube with bacteria, what will be destroyed? What will still be left in the bacteria? • If an enzyme that targets protein is placed in a test tube with bacteria, what will be destroyed? What will still be left in the bacteria? • What did they find out? C. Hershey and Chase • Why did they use viruses and bacteria to figure out whether protein or DNA was genetic material? Name: ______________________________________________ Due Date: _____________________ Unit 6: DNA Structure and Replication Study Guide • What was the purpose of using radioactive sulfur and radioactive phosphorous in their experiment? ***Be able to make predictions if provided information on the experiments listed above*** Key terms to be aware of regarding experiments: “transformative material”, genetic material, R strain bacteria, S strain bacteria, heat-­‐ killed, virus, DNA, protein, sulfur and phosphorous Ask Ms. Pelley if you still do not understand experiments that led to the discovery of DNA! ________________________________________________________ 4. Draw and label a double stranded DNA 5. Write out the complementary DNA strand molecule, including: 4 nucleotides, sugars, to the one listed below: phosphates, hydrogen bonds, nitrogenous Practice Example: TTTGGGCCCAAA bases (Adenine, Thymine, Guanine, Cytosine), purines and pyrimidines 6. List the steps you took to extract DNA from a piece of fruit and a human. 7. What did the following solutions do in the DNA extraction? • Ethanol-­‐ • Soapy, salty extraction buffer-­‐ • Smashing up fruit in plastic bag-­‐ • Filter soapy, fruit solution in funnel and cheesecloth-­‐ • Gargle Gatorade in mouth-­‐ 8. Diagram a double-­‐ stranded DNA molecule for three generations if i. conservative replication, Name: ______________________________________________ Due Date: _____________________ Unit 6: DNA Structure and Replication Study Guide ii. Semiconservative replication and iii. Dispersive replication takes place. 9. Diagram the steps of DNA Replication, being sure to include the replication fork, double stranded DNA molecule, hydrogen bonds, nucleotides, sugar phosphate backbone, “old” vs. “new” strand, and helicase 10. What is DNA’s relation to the rest of the cell? Depict it. 11. Why should DNA be proofread before being shipped into another cell during cell division?