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Name______________________________________Hour_________Date __________ Types of Reproduction Purpose of Reproduction To make sure a _________________________________________can continue. Definition: ________________________ is the process by which an organism produces others of its same kind. Essential Questions What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? (Mitosis & Meiosis) What types of organisms produce sexually? Asexually? What are the advantages and disadvantages to each type of reproduction? What is the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction? (Mitosis & Meiosis) Mitosis • The process of ______________________________occurs when a cell copies its genetic information once and then divides once. • The result is two identical cells with ______________chromosomes each (for humans). Asexual Reproduction Examples: Hydra, spider plant, flowers, bees, sea star, yeast cells, strawberry ____________________parent. The production of offspring by one parent without sperm and an egg joining OR without a mate. AKA ___________________________________. A new organism is produced from ________________________organism. No sex cells Offspring produced by ___________________________________________________________ Offspring ________________________________to parent (same DNA). Genetically alike. Several types in plants and ___________________________________________ Types of Asexual Reproduction _____________________________________________________ Regeneration Fission (Binary fission) Budding Process by which a new, duplicate plant or animal begins to form at the side of the parent and enlarges until an individual is created. Small bud grows out of parent cell. Bud breaks off and ___________________________________________ Two different sized cells made (with identical _______________________) In yeast and hydra Very common in ____________________________ Regeneration Repair/ grow lost ___________________________________ The ability to restore lost or damaged tissues, ____________________ or limbs. Left over cells divide to make more cells It is a common feature in invertebrates, like worms and ________________________________ Binary Fission _____________________________________ divides in half Becoming two by division of the complete organism. 2 identical _____________________________________cells produced Daughter cells are half the parent’s size Daughter cells grow, then divide too A type of cell division. In _______________________________________________ Meiosis: Sexual Reproduction The process of meiosis occurs when the______________________ information is copied once and the cell divides twice. The result is four sex cells each with 23 chromosomes rather than _______________________ Sexual Reproduction Examples: Humans, mammals, flowers, dogs, birds, whales, bees, fish Requires two sex cells – _________________________________ The egg and sperm join to form an entirely new organism __________________________________________from the parent organism Each new gamete cell contains only __________________ of the number of chromosomes of the parent cell. Sexual Reproduction ___________________________________________ Sex cells: sperm and egg Sperm and egg join= fertilization _____________________________________________look different from parent (mixed DNA) Examples Humans, some plants, mammals, fish, reptiles, etc. Some Organisms do Both: Sexual and Asexual Reproduction most plants that produce ______________________________(sexual reproduction) can also reproduce asexually by things like cuttings or runners this gives them an advantage for _________________________________ What are the advantages and disadvantages to each type of reproduction? Disadvantages of Asexual Reproduction Lack of genetic _________________________________. Few will survive environmental____________________________________________. Harmful ________________________________________________can occur and passed on asexually. Advantages of Asexual Reproduction Does NOT require a __________________________________________ Takes less time to reproduce offspring since parent and offspring are genetically _________________ Can adapt to same environment. Disadvantages of Sexual Reproduction Having to get an egg and sperm together for ________________________________________ Takes time for __________________________________to grow and develop until they reproduce. Advantages of Sexual Reproduction Each offspring receives genetic material from two parents leading to genetic _________________________ for offspring. ____________________________________________ variation helps with environmental stress. Which is Better? Asexual Reproduction advantages does not require special cells or a lot of _____________________________________ can produce offspring _______________________________________ in a stable environment creates large, thriving population disadvantages limited ability to adapt face massive die-off if environment changes Sexual Reproduction advantages lots of variation within a ______________________________________________ able to live in a variety of environmental settings able to ___________________________________________ to changes in the environment disadvantages needs time & ____________________________________________ produce small _______________________________________________ Summary: Again! Asexual Reproduction involves only 1 parent offspring genetically identical to parent involves regular body cells its quick Sexual Reproduction involves 2 parents offspring genetic mix of both parents involves specialized sex cells its slow IMPORTANT! ________________________________________ results in offspring that are genetically identical to the parent organism _______________________________________ results in offspring that are genetically different from the parent organisms