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STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF DNA SELF STUDY GUIDE
UNIT Objectives: (Chapter 10 DNA)
A)
Describe the role of DNA in all cells and why it is so important that an exact copy of the DNA is passed
on to every new cell when cell reproduction occurs in an organism. (Pages 193 & 200)
B)
Describe the structure of DNA. Name all molecules that are main components of the DNA molecule and
draw a simple diagram to represent the DNA molecules structure and overall shape. (Pages 196-199)
C)
Describe how the DNA molecule is replicated such that two identical copies result. Use a diagram to help
your explanation. (Pages 200-202)
D) Using a diagram, explain the process of "transcription" as it occurs in the nucleus. Describe the purpose for
this process. (Pages 206-207)
E) Give the name of the process and explain what is taking place in the figure 10.16 in the text book on pg 208. Be
sure to include an explanation for each of the structures or molecules shown in the diagram. (Pages 208-209)
VOCABULARY LIST: Deoxyribose, Purine, Pyrmidine, Replication, Codon, Transcription, Protein synthesis,
Translation, mRNA, tRNA, rRNA
1) From chapter 10 pages 196-199 titled "Structure of DNA" be able to;
A)
B)
C)
D)
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F)
G)
H)
I)
J)
K)
Explain the two basic functions of DNA.
Explain the two main roles that proteins play in living organisms.
Name the monomer that makes up the polymers known as DNA and RNA.
Describe the three molecules that make up a nucleotide.
Name the two molecules that make up the side of the DNA molecule.
Name the four types of bases found in DNA.
Give the name that describes the twisted ladder shape of the DNA molecule.
Name the two men who discovered the shape or structure of DNA.
Name the woman who first took pictures using X-Rays of the DNA molecule.
Explain why adenine always bonds to thymine and guanine to cytosine.
Explain where the "code" or message lies in the DNA molecule for the proteins.
2) From chapter 10 pages 200-202 titled "DNA Replication" be able to;
A) Give the term that describes DNA making a duplicate of itself.
B) Describe how the DNA molecule replicates itself.
C) Explain why the correct bases always find their way into position so that the two new
molecules are exactly like the original molecule of DNA.
D) Explain whether the new molecules are composed of 2 new strands, 2 old strands, or one old and one
new strand. Why?
3) From the chapter 10 pages 204-206 titled "Protein Synthesis" be able to;
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
Explain the primary function of RNA.
Describe the three differences between RNA and DNA.
Name and give a brief function of the three types of RNA.
Explain what the process called "transcription" accomplishes.
Explain the reason that mRNA is transcribed from the DNA base sequence.
Explain where the mRNA molecule goes after it has been completed.
Explain how the message for a protein in the DNA is carried in the mRNA molecule.
4) From chapter 10 pages 204-210 titled “The Genetic Code" be able to;
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
G)
H)
I)
Describe how proteins differ from each other.
Describe what determines the structural and functional characteristics of the protein.
Explain what a "codon" is and what it codes for.
Describe what is meant by "start" and "stop" codons on the mRNA molecule.
Explain what is meant by saying the codon is "universal".
Explain what the process called "translation" accomplishes.
Describe the role of tRNA in the process called translation.
Explain the reason for an "anticodon" on the tRNA molecule.
Describe what is meant by the term "gene".
5) From chapter 11 pages 217-222 and your notes;
A)
B)
C)
D)
E)
F)
Define promoter.
Explain what an operon is.
Understand the role of repressor proteins and inducers.
Describe how the lac operon works in bacteria.
Know what different kinds of mutations can occur and the effect they have on the expression of genes.
Describe what Hox genes are and why they occur in a wide variety of animals.