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CHAPTER 8 䡲 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 1 Match point Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Pericardium _______ 2. Fibrous pericardium _______ 3. Serous pericardium _______ 4. Pericardial space _______ 5. Epicardium _______ 6. Myocardium _______ 7. Endocardium _______ 8. Chordae tendineae _______ 9. Pericardial fluid _______ Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 40 A. B. C. D. E. F. G. H. I. Outer layer of the wall of the heart Fibroserous sac that surrounds the heart and the roots of the great vessels Attach the cusps of the AV valves to papillary muscles in the ventricles Contains striated muscle fibers that cause the heart to contract Tough, white fibrous tissue that fits loosely around the heart, protecting it Space between the fibrous and serous pericardium Heart’s inner layer Thin, smooth inner portion of the pericardium Lubricates the surfaces of the pericardial space and allows the heart to move easily during contraction 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM CHAPTER 8 䡲 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 2 Circuit training Trace the circulation of blood on the right side of the heart by linking the appropriate boxes below with red arrows. Trace the circulation of blood on the left side of the heart by linking the appropriate boxes with black arrows. Superior vena cava Pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve Right atrium Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 41 Lungs Pulmonic valve Mitral valve Left atrium Aorta Right ventricle Aortic valve Left ventricle 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM CHAPTER 8 䡲 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 3 Cross-training Test your knowledge of terminology associated with the cardiovascular system by completing this crossword puzzle. Across 5. Pointed end of the heart 7. Major artery 9. The inherent ability of the myocardium 1 3 2 4 to contract normally 5 10. Fibroserous sac surrounding the heart and the roots of the great vessels 6 7 8 12. Heart’s inner layer 13. Upper chambers of the heart 14. Valve between the right atria and ventricle 9 Down 1. Heart’s outer layer 2. Heart’s middle layer 3. Phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax 10 11 12 4. Cavity between the lungs 6. Heart’s two lower chambers 8. Phase of the cardiac cycle when the 13 ventricles contract 9. The body’s smallest vessels 11. Valve between the left atria and ventricle Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 42 14 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM CHAPTER 8 䡲 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 4 Hit or miss Some of the following statements about the conduction system are true; the others are false. Mark each accordingly. _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ _____ 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. The sinoatrial (SA) node is the normal pacemaker of the heart. The SA node is located deep in the myocardium of the right atrium. The SA node generates an impulse between 60 and 70 times per minute. The firing of the SA node spreads an impulse throughout the right and left atria, resulting in atrial contraction. The AV node is located in the upper third of the left ventricle. The AV node accelerates impulse conduction between the atria and the ventricle. From the AV node, the impulse travels to the bundle of His. From the Bundle of His, the impulse branches to the right and left bundles. The impulse then travels to the Purkinje fibers and the ventricles contract. If the SA node fails to fire, the AV node automatically takes over at the same rate. If the AV node fails to fire, the heart fails to beat. Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 43 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM CHAPTER 8 䡲 CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM Game 5 Match point Match each of the terms on the left with its definition on the right. 1. Systole _______ 2. Diastole _______ 3. Cardiac output _______ 4. Stroke volume _______ 5. Preload _______ 6. Starling’s law _______ 7. Contractility _______ 8. Afterload _______ 9. Resistance _______ Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 44 A. The amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat B. The pressure that the ventricular muscle must generate to eject blood from its chamber C. D. E. F. G. Phase of the cardiac cycle when ventricles contract Stretching of muscle fibers in the ventricles Pressure ventricle must work against Phase of the cardiac cycle when the ventricles relax The more the heart muscles stretch during diastole, the more forcefully they contract during systole H. The amount of blood the heart pumps in 1 minute I. The inherent ability of the myocardium to contract normally 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM Chapter 8 Answers Game 4 Hit or miss Game 1 Match point ■ 1. True. 2. False. The SA node is located on the endocardial surface of the right atrium, near the superior vena cava. 3. False. The SA node generates an impulse between 60 and 1. B, 2. E, 3. H, 4. F, 5. A, 6. D, 7. G, 8. C, 9. I 100 times per minute. 4. True. 5. False. The AV node is located low in the septal wall of the Game 2 Circuit training ■ Superior vena cava right atrium. 6. False. The AV node slows impulse conduction to allow time Pulmonary veins Tricuspid valve Lungs Mitral valve 7. 8. 9. 10. Aorta Pulmonic valve Aortic valve 11. for the contracting atria to fill the ventricles with blood before the lower chambers contract. True. True. True. False. If the SA node fails to fire, the AV node will generate an impulse between 40 and 60 times per minute. False, If the AV node fails to fire, the ventricles can generate their own impulse between 20 and 40 times per minute. Game 5 Match point ■ Right atrium Right ventricle Left atrium Left ventricle 1. C, 2. F, 3. H, 4. A, 5. D, 6. G, 7. I, 8. B, 9. E Game 3 Cross-training ■ 1 3 4 D 5 I 6 7 V E A O R T A P A S 9 C O N T R M E A L P T L I T S Y U U S M M T 11 I U M I L L L U T E E N D O C A R D I D I N S R T L 12 A C 8 C I C A R S I C A D A R O R O E I C D T P Y I T 10 M P D N R X 2 E U M R 13 A R I O T R I A L E 14 T R I C U S Anatomy_Ancillaries_Chap08.indd 45 P I D 12/19/2011 12:38:31 PM