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Unit 5 SBI3U 9.3 The Mammalian Heart AMAZING Human Heart Facts: Pumps about 70x per minute, 90 000x per day through 160 000 km of blood vessels! Pumps in 2 directions at once without ever mixing the blood! Has a life expectancy of around 80 years Is about the size of your fist The Flow of Blood Watch the narrated animation and fill in the answers to discover how blood moves through the heart. http://www.medtropolis.com/VBody.asp Blood first enters the ______________________ through two large veins called the ____________ vena cava and the _____________ vena cava. The blood entering the right atrium is low in _______________ since it is returning to the heart after nourishing various body parts with oxygen. The blood then moves from the right atrium into the _________________________ through a valve called the ___________________ valve. The valve prevents blood from flowing from the right ventricle back to the right atrium, ensuring a one way flow. When the blood is in the right ventricle, the heart muscle pumps it the short distance to the lungs. Blood goes through the __________________________________ to the lungs, getting rid of its carbon dioxide and acquiring new oxygen, and then returns to the heart. The blood returns to the heart through the _______________________ leading to the left atrium. When the left atrial wall contracts, the blood is pushed through the _________________ valve into the left ventricle. The left ventricle contracts and forces the oxygen-rich blood on its life giving journey throughout the body. The blood goes through the ________, a large artery with branches that distribute blood to all parts of the body. Heart Diagram http://www.smm.org/heart/heart/in-out.htm LABELS http://www.smm.org/heart/lessons/lesson6.htm FUNCTIONS Part Function 1. 2 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. Trace the passage of OXYGENATED blood with a red arrow. Trace the passage of DEOXYGENATED blood with a blue arrow. Control of the Heartbeat a bundle of specialized muscle tissue in the wall of the right atrium stimulates the muscle fibres to contract and relax rhythmically Tissue is called the _______________________________ (S-A node or pacemaker - #1 on diagram) Recording the Heart Rate The S-A node generates an electrical impulse that spreads over the 2 atria and makes them contract The impulse then reaches the ________________________ node (A-V node - #2 on diagram) which causes the ventricles to contract The Electrocardiogram Change in _______________ produced by electrical charges can be measured using a device called an _________________________ Electrocardiograph P wave – small voltage increase that shows the electrical depolarization that accompanies the contraction of the atria QRS complex – shows the depolarization that accompanies the contraction of the ventricles T wave – represents the repolarization that precedes the next firing of the S-A node Chemical Regulators 1. Noradrenaline chemical that makes the S-A node fire ________________________________ released when there’s an increase in ________________________________ (running to the bus!) or when you are nervous, angry, excited or in pain 2. Acetylcholine chemical that ________________________________of the S-A node Blood Pressure Heart rate and blood pressure will increase in response to an increased demand in oxygen Highest pressure in cardiac cycle is generated by contraction of the left ventricle as if forces blood out of the heart (________________________________) Lowest pressure in cardiac cycle is immediately before another contraction of the ventricles (________________________________) Typically measured at an artery in an arm and recorded in mm of Hg Written as systolic over diastolic Average healthy blood pressure = ________________________________ Blood Pressure Risks Elevated blood pressure = __________________ Conditions that increase the blood ____________________ or reduce the ___________________ of the arteries can produce hypertension Ex. __________ = causes blood to retain water therefore increasing the volume of blood the heart needs to pump Ex. ___________________ = clogs arteries, reducing their elasticity