Download CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 06: Metabolism and Cellular

CLEP Biology - Problem Drill 06: Metabolism and Cellular Respiration
Question No. 1 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
1. What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Question
(A) NADH
(B) Mitochondria
(C) Carbon Dioxide
(D) Oxygen
(E) FADH2
A. Incorrect!
NADH is the first donor to the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.
B. Incorrect!
The process of aerobic respiration occurs in the mitochondrion.
C. Incorrect!
Carbon dioxide is a waste product of aerobic respiration.
Feedback
D. Correct!
Oxygen is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration.
E. Incorrect!
FADH2 is one of the first donors to the electron transport chain in aerobic
respiration.
Aerobic respiration produces a grand total of 36 ATP and involves three steps:
Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
2 ATP produced.
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA (made from pyruvate) runs a cycle of reactions, regenerating at the end
of each cycle.
All of the electrons are passed to NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers).
2 ATP produced.
Solution
Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to protein machines.
NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to machines, which pass them to the final
acceptor: oxygen.
As they pass electrons, machines pump hydrogen ions to create a concentration
gradient.
Hydrogen ions flow back due to concentration gradient.
Flowing hydrogen ions spin the motor of ATP synthase. ATP synthase produces
ATP.
32 ATP produced.
The correct answer is (D).
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Question No. 2 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
2. During which of these conditions will the majority of an organism’s metabolic
reactions not be anabolic?
Question
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Feeding Period
Resting Period
Stress Reaction
Nutrient Storage
None of the above
A. Incorrect!
The body is undergoing catabolism during feeding periods.
B. Correct!
The body is primarily undergoing anabolism when the body is at rest.
C. Incorrect!
The body is undergoing catabolism during stress periods.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
The body is undergoing catabolism and anabolism during nutrient storage.
E. Incorrect!
The answer is among those listed above.
Anabolic reactions are build-up reactions. The body will only undergo anabolic
reactions when it is resting. Catabolic reactions are breakdown reactions and
releases of energy. The body tends to use catabolic reactions when under stress.
The correct answer is (B).
Solution
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Question No. 3 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
3. Where does the carbon dioxide, which humans and other organisms exhale,
come from?
Question
(A) Chemical Gradients
(B) Protein Anabolism
(C) Glycolysis
(D) Krebs Cycle
(E) Oxidative Phosphorylation
A. Incorrect!
Chemical gradients do not have a direct effect on carbon dioxide production.
B. Incorrect!
Protein anabolism does not have a direct effect on carbon dioxide production.
C. Incorrect!
Glycolysis does not produce carbon dioxide.
Feedback
D. Correct!
The Krebs cycle produces the carbon dioxide that is exhaled.
E. Incorrect!
Oxidative phosphorylation does not produce carbon dioxide.
Aerobic respiration produces a grand total of 36 ATP and involves three steps:
Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
2 ATP produced.
Krebs Cycle
Acetyl CoA (made from pyruvate) runs a cycle of reactions, regenerating at the end
of each cycle.
All of the electrons are passed to NADH and FADH2 (electron carriers).
2 ATP produced.
Solution
Oxidative Phosphorylation
NADH and FADH2 carry electrons to protein machines.
NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to machines, which pass them to the final
acceptor: oxygen.
As they pass electrons, machines pump hydrogen ions to create a concentration
gradient.
Hydrogen ions flow back due to concentration gradient.
Flowing hydrogen ions spin the motor of ATP synthase. ATP synthase produces
ATP.
32 ATP produced.
The correct answer is (D).
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Question No. 4 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
4. What is the sum of all chemical reactions?
Question
(A) Metabolism
(B) Anabolism
(C) Hydrolysis
(D) Dehydration synthesis
(E) Reduction
A. Correct!
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions.
B. Incorrect!
Anabolism is to build up reactions.
C. Incorrect!
Hydrolysis is the process used to split apart macromolecules.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Dehydration synthesis is the process that is used to build up macromolecules.
E. Incorrect!
Reduction is the gaining of electrons and hydrogens.
Metabolism is the sum of all chemical reactions that occur. There is a catabolic
reaction, in which there is a breakdown of materials, and there is an anabolic
reaction, in which there is a buildup of materials.
Anabolism
Conditions: excess resources, feeding, and resting.
Activities: creation of new structures and storage of nutrients.
Role of ATP: requires energy.
Solution
Catabolism
Conditions: deficient resources, fasting, and stress.
Activities: destruction of old structures and breakdown of food.
Role of ATP: releases energy.
The correct answer is (A).
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Question No. 5 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
5. If aerobic respiration produces 32 ATP and anaerobic respiration produces
merely 2 ATP, why do cells use anaerobic respiration at all? (Why not just wait
until oxygen is available?)
Question
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Advanced organisms do not perform anaerobic respiration.
Anaerobic respiration produces ATP much more quickly in times of stress.
Anaerobic respiration doesn’t produce as much waste as aerobic
respiration.
Anaerobic respiration is important for genetic reproduction.
Anaerobic respiration is only done at periods of rest.
A. Incorrect!
Advanced organisms have the ability to perform anaerobic respiration.
B. Correct!
Anaerobic respiration does produce ATP more quickly in time of stress.
C. Incorrect!
Anaerobic respiration does not have as much waste as aerobic respiration, but this
is not the reason why anaerobic respiration is done.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Anaerobic respiration does not have anything to do with genetic reproduction.
E. Incorrect!
Anaerobic respiration is not done during periods of rest.
Anaerobic respiration produces a grand total of 2 ATP and involves two steps:
Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
2 ATP produced.
Fermentation
Pyruvate is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid.
Glycolysis intermediates produced to allow glycolysis to begin again immediately.
The correct answer is (B).
Solution
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Question No. 6 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
6. What is the process in which complex molecules are broken down and release
energy?
Question
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Anabolism
Dehydration synthesis
Catabolism
Respiration
None of the above
A. Incorrect!
Anabolism is the process where macromolecules are put together and require
energy.
B. Incorrect!
Dehydration synthesis is the process where macromolecules are put together.
C. Correct!
Catabolism is the process where macromolecules are broken down and release
energy.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Respiration is the process of exchanging carbon dioxide and oxygen.
E. Incorrect!
The correct answer is found above.
Anabolism
Conditions: excess resources, feeding, and resting.
Activities: creation of new structures and storage of nutrients.
Role of ATP: requires energy.
Catabolism
Conditions: deficient resources, fasting, and stress.
Activities: destruction of old structures and breakdown of food.
Role of ATP: releases energy.
The correct answer is (C).
Solution
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Question No. 7 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
7. What is the transfer of energy from one system to another?
Question
(A) Bioenergetics
(B) Work
(C) Energy
(D) Thermodynamics
(E) None of the above
A. Incorrect!
Bioenergetics is the study of energy transformation in biological systems.
B. Correct!
Work is the transfer of energy from one system to another.
C. Incorrect!
Energy is the ability to do work or supply heat.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformation in the universe.
E. Incorrect!
The answer is found in the choices above.
Thermodynamics
1st Law: energy cannot be created nor destroyed.
2nd Law: work cannot be completely efficient.
Free Energy: spontaneous reactions occur automatically. Non-spontaneous
reactions require input of energy.
Bioenergetics is the study of energy transformation in biological systems. Energy is
the ability to do work or supply heat. Work is the transfer of energy from one
system to another.
The correct answer is (B).
Solution
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Question No. 8 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
8. Reactions that require energy are called _______reactions?
Question
(A) Catabolic
(B) Exergonic
(C) Endergonic
(D) Thermodynamic
(E) All of the above
A. Incorrect!
Catabolic reactions are those that release energy.
B. Incorrect!
Exergonic reactions release energy.
C. Correct!
Endergonic reactions require energy.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Thermodynamics is the study of energy transformation in the universe.
E. Incorrect!
Not all of the choices listed are correct.
Anabolism
Conditions: excess resources, feeding, and resting.
Activities: creation of new structures and storage of nutrients.
Role of ATP: requires energy are endergonic
Catabolism
Conditions: deficient resources, fasting, and stress.
Activities: destruction of old structures and breakdown of food.
Role of ATP: releases energy and are exergonic
The correct answer is (C).
Solution
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Question No. 9 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
9. Which reaction involves the losing of electrons?
Question
(A)
(B)
(C)
(D)
(E)
Oxidation
Reduction
Hydrolysis
Dehydration synthesis
None of the above
A. Correct!
Oxidation is the losing of electrons.
B. Incorrect!
Reduction is the gaining of electrons.
C. Incorrect!
Hydrolysis is the process of splitting water and breaking apart organic molecules.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Dehydration synthesis is the process of putting together organic molecules.
E. Incorrect!
The answer is listed in the one above.
Redox Reactions:
Redox reactions allow transportation of electrons.
There is reduction, which is the gaining of electron or hydrogen and oxidation,
which is the losing of electron or hydrogen.
Coupling:
Coupling is used in metabolism to run unfavorable reactions. Usually an energyreleasing reaction, such as a redox reaction, is coupled to ATP production.
The correct answer is (A).
Solution
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Question No. 10 of 10
Instructions: (1) Read the problem and answer choices carefully; (2) Work the problems on paper
as needed; (3) Pick the answer; (4) Go back to review the core concept tutorial as needed.
10. Which process involves an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor?
Question
(A) Glycolysis
(B) Fermentation
(C) Electron transport chain
(D) Krebs cycle
(E) All of the above
A. Incorrect!
Glycolysis does not have an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
B. Correct!
Fermentation involves pyruvate being broken into ethanol or lactic acid, and they
are the final electron acceptor.
C. Incorrect!
ETC does not have an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
Feedback
D. Incorrect!
Krebs cycle does not have an organic molecule as the final electron acceptor.
E. Incorrect!
Not all of these answers are correct.
Anaerobic respiration produces a grand total of 2 ATP and involves two steps:
Glycolysis
Glucose is broken down into pyruvate.
2 ATP produced.
Fermentation
Pyruvate is broken down into ethanol or lactic acid.
Glycolysis intermediates produced to allow glycolysis to begin again immediately.
The correct answer is (B).
Solution
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