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Cellular Process: the ____________ that go on inside a cell that help an organism to ____________. Gene Expression: The conversion of the information from the ______ into ______ via transcription and then to ________ via translation, making the traits Synthesis: refers to a combination of two or more entities that together form something new Genes: a _________________ of DNA that codes for a specific trait Codon: a three-‐nucleotide sequence of _______ that codes for a particular amino acid Anticodon: A three-‐sequence of tRNA that that is complementary to an mRNA codon that transfers amino acids together into polypeptide chains Amino Acids (A.A): ______ different _______________ that build together to form proteins Polypeptide Chains: A chain of _________ joined together through peptide bonds 8 What are the two cellular processes involved in the production of proteins? Also known as: The Big Picture Of Protein Synthesis (i.e. to make) What do Transcription and Translation synthesize? Examples: __________ __________ __________ Examples: mRNA codon: CAU GUA UCG tRNA Anticodon: _____ ____ ____ mRNA: ACC GUA A.A : _____________ ______________ ______ -‐ ______ -‐ ______ -‐ _______ 1 Overview Practice Problems ___________________________code for your _________. Certain segments of ______ code for your ________. You _____________ these from your parents. They code for the ____________ that make up your traits. 3. DNA : _______ _______ ________ _____________mRNA GUA CGU GAC ______________tRNA : _______ _______ _______ amino acid: ___________ -‐ __________ -‐ ___________ Concept Map 4. DNA : GCA TAG CAA _____________mRNA : _______ _______ _______ _______________tRNA : _______ _______ _______ amino acid: ___________ -‐ __________ -‐ ___________ 2 7 Practice Problems 1. Protein Synthesis (a.k.a. Gene Expression) DNA : CCC AAT GTA ____________mRNA : _______ _______ ________ _____________tRNA : _______ _______ ________ amino acid: ___________ -‐ __________ -‐ ___________ 1st: __________________ occurs in the: ________________________ 2. DNA : TAG CTG ATA _____________mRNA : _______ _______ _______ _____________tRNA : _______ _______ _______ amino acid: ___________ -‐ __________ -‐ ___________ 6 2nd: __________________ occurs in the: ________________________ 3 4 Translation Occurs in the: End Result: Occurs in the: End Result: Transcription 5 Cellular Process: the activities that go on inside a cell that help an organism to survive. Gene Expression: The conversion of the information from the genes into mRNA via transcription and then to proteins via translation, making the traits Synthesis: refers to a DNA mRNA tRNA -‐ amino acids combination of two or more entities that together form something new Genes: a segment of DNA that codes for a specific trait Codon: a three-‐nucleotide sequence of mRNA that codes for a particular amino acid Anticodon: A three-‐sequence of polypeptide chains proteins traits The sequence of nitrogen bases code for your DNA. Certain segments of genes code for your traits. You inherit these from your parents. They code for the proteins that make up your traits. tRNA that that is complementary to an mRNA codon that transfers amino acids together into polypeptide chains Amino Acids (A.A): 20 different monomers that build together to form proteins Polypeptide Chains: A chain of amino acids joined together through peptide bonds What are the two cellular processes involved in the production of proteins? Transcription and transl. Also known as: Protein synthesis (i.e. to make) What do Transcription and Translation synthesize? proteins Examples: __________ __________ __________ Examples: mRNA codon: CAU GUA UCG tRNA Anticodon: _____ ____ ____ mRNA: ACC GUA A.A : _____________ ______________ ______ -‐ ______ -‐ ______ -‐ _______