Download Category-1 - HSS-High

EOC Biology Prep Reporting Category 1 ­ Cell Structure and Function
Some questions (c) 2012 by Region 10 Educational Service Center.
Page 2
GO ON
1
3 Which structures, if found in a cell, would
provide the best evidence that the cell is
eukaryotic?
A Chromosomes
B
Cell Walls
C
Carbohydrates
D Internal Membranes
4 What is the function of the cell wall in a
The cell structure labeled X is found only in
plant cell?
—
F
contain waste products of the cell
A animal cells
G
generate the cell's supply of energy
B
eukaryotic cells
H
control the functions of the cell
C
plant cells
J
provide structural support and
protection
D prokaryotic cells
2 Plant cells are much less flexible than
animal cells. Which cellular structure in
5 Which of the following is a characteristic of
organisms in Bacteria, but not Archaea?
plant cells is most responsible for this
A organisms are prokaryotic
charateristic?
B
organisms reproduce asexually
F
Vacuole
C
organisms contain peptidoglycan in their
G
Cell Wall
H
Chloroplast
J
Cell Memebrane
Page 3
cell walls
D organisms swim using one or more
flagella
GO ON
6
8
What complex biological molecule results
from connected units of this building block?
Several of these molecules connected in a
F
protein
chain result in a/an ­­
G
carbohydrate
F
starch
H
lipid
G
sugar
J
nucleic acid
H
nucleic acid
J
amino acid
7 What is the correct relationship between
monomers and polymers?
A Monomers are macromolecules;
polymers are micromolecules.
B
Monomers are subunits of polymers.
C
Monomers are long, connecting chains
of polymers.
D Monomers are larger, more complex
versions of polymers. Page 4
GO ON
9
Which diagram represents the building block containing information for self­replicating life?
A I
B
II
C
III
D IV
10
11
Identify components of this molecule.
A nitrogen base, 5 carbon sugar,
phosphate group
Complete the chart by identifying the
correct monomer at X.
B
nitrogen base, 6 carbon sugar,
phosphate group
F
enzyme
G
fatty acids
C
H
amino acids
D amino group, carboxyl group, R group
J
glycerols
Page 5
fatty acid, glycerol
GO ON
12
The formation of polysaccharides, nucleic
15
acids, and proteins from smaller subunits
A steroid
is ­­
F
chemosynthesis
G
hydrolysis
H
polysaturization
J
polymerization
Which of the following is not a lipid? B
cholesterol
C
wax
D cellulose
16
Many land plants store energy in starch. When energy is needed, the starch
13
What monomer is represented by this
molecules can be broken down quickly. diagram?
Starch is which of the following
molecules?
F
amino acid
G
lipid
H
polysaccharide
J
RNA chain
A monosaccharide
B
nucleotide
C
glycerol
D amino acid
17
Which of the following macromolecules
are a prominent part of animal tissues
that function in insulation, helping animals
conserve heat?
A carbohydrates
14
Macromolecules which are both
hydrophobic and hydrophilic and are a
major component of cell membranes are­­
F
polysaccharides
G
proteins
H
phospholipids
J
inorganic
Page 6
B
lipids
C
proteins
D nucleic acids
GO ON
18
Many plants have waxy coatings on some
21
Which biomolecule's function is most likely
surfaces. This coating reduces water loss
to be affected by the order of its single­
because it is not water­permeable. This
molecule units?
waxy coating is which of the following
A lipid
types of organic molecule?
F
carbohydrate
G
lipid
H
nucleic acid
J
protein
B
starch
C
protein
D vitamin
22
The enzymes that catalyze cellular
reactions are macromolecules called
19
Beeswax is a waxy substance that is
proteins. Which of the following elements
produced by bees and then harvested by
most often compose proteins?
humans for a variety of uses. Ancient
F
carbon and hydrogen
G
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen and
Romans used beeswax as a waterproofing
agent because it is not water­permeable.
nitrogen
Beeswax is which of the following types
of organic molecule?
H
carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
A carbohydrate
J
carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen
B
lipid
C
nucleic acid
and phosphorus
D protein
23
The enzymes that catalyze cellular
reactions are macromolecules made of
organic compounds composed of carbon,
20
Many land plants store energy in starch.
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These
When energy is needed, the starch
types of macromolecules are known as —
molecules can be broken down quickly.
A carbohydrates
This chemical reaction produces which of
the following?
F
amino acids
G
lipids
H
monosaccharides
J
RNA chains
Page 7
B
lipids
C
proteins
D nucleic acids
GO ON
24
The enzymes that catalyze cellular
27
Which of these substances stores the
reactions are macromolecules made of
most energy? organic compounds composed of carbon,
A One gram of alcohol
hydrogen, oxygen and nitrogen. These
types of macromolecules are known as —
F
starches G
sugars
H
proteins
J
fats
B
One gram of carbohydrate
C
One gram of fat
D One gram of protein 28
25
A biomolecule that is a large, complex set
of chains composed of alternating
subunits called nucleotides has which of
these functions in the cell? The compound shown above is an
A Storing energy
B
Catalyzing cellular reactions
C
Building tissue
example of which of the following types of
biomolecules? D Storing genetic information
26
F
Saturated fat
G
Monosaccharide
H
Polysaccharide
J
Unsaturated fat
Which biomolecule's function is least likely
to be affected by the order of its single­
molecule units?
F
DNA
G
starch
H
RNA
J
protein
29
Which biomolecule do living organisms use
as energy storage?
A carbohydrates
B
lipids
C
protein
D nuclei acid
Page 8
GO ON
30
Proteins in eukaryotic cells which control
32
the progression of cells through the cell
cycle are ­­
F
cyclins
G
recyclins
H
cytokines
J
cytochromes
In humans, protein 53 (p53) is a
31
What disorder results when human body
tumor suppressant protein encoded on
cells lose the ability to respond to internal
the p53 gene, which has been mapped to
regulatory signals that control cell
the short arm of chromosome 17. One
growth?
role of this protein is to facilitate the
A cellulitis
repair of damaged DNA. Which part of
B
diabetes
C
hemophilia
D cancer
Page 9
the cell cycle does the p53 gene have
the most active role?
F
G1
G
G2
H
S
J
M
GO ON
33
Which part of the cell cycle controls the repair of damaged DNA which, if unsuccessful, could
eventually result in the abnormal cell division that typifies some types of cancer?
A G1
B
S
C
G2
D M
Page 10
GO ON
34
Many types of cancer cells divide rapidly
36
In the human body, skin, liver, muscle,
due to defects in the genes that control
and nerve cells all originated from one cell
cell division. Which phase of the cell
containing half­genomes contributed from
cycle is the target of many chemotherapy
each parent. This process is known as ­­
agents?
F
speciation
G
differentiation
H
cleavage
J
expression
37
All of the following organelles would be
found in a root cell of a plant except­­
A cell wall
35
F
G1
B
chloroplast
G
G2
C
nucleus
H
S
D vacuole
J
M
Muscle cells of one animal differ from
muscle cells of another animal due to
differences in ­­
A DNA
B
the cell cycle
C
gene expression
D genetic sequence
Page 11
GO ON
38
40
Which animal and plant cell type share
the function of support?
F
Fiber cells and kidney cells
G
Guard cells and white blood cells
H
Phloem cells and smooth muscle cells
J
Xylem cells and bone cells
Which structures show that this cell is
specialized for receiving information signals
from many sources?
39
F
Dendrites
G
Myelinated sheath
H
Central Nucleus
J
Schwann cell
What is the primary function of
nerve cells?
A Nerve cells transmit messages from
one part of the body to another via
nerve impulses.
B
Nerve cells coordinate muscle action
through constriction and contraction.
C
Nerve cells monitor the body's position
in space.
D Nerve cells filter incoming sensory
signal.
Page 12
GO ON
41
Which structure directly regulates the rate of photosynthesis in this plant?
A Q
B
R
C
S
D T
42
The diagram below shows a cross section
of a leaf.
Which of the following is the function of
the guard cells on the lower surface of
the leaf?
F
Synthesizing proteins
G
Transporting water and minerals
H
Opening ancd closing stomata
J
Allowing light to enter the leaf
Page 13
GO ON
43
Xylem cells, in addition to transporting
water, provide support for the plant. How
is a xylem cell specialized for this function?
A It is a flat­shaped cell.
B
It has thick cell walls
C
It has a large cell nucleus
D It has a permable cell membrane
Page 14
GO ON
44
The four images above are human embryos in various stages of development. The stages are
out of order. Which of the following has the images in order, from left to right, from the
youngest embryo to the oldest?
45
F
4, 2, 1, 3
G
4, 2, 3, 1
H
2, 4, 3, 1
J
2, 4, 1, 3
Compared with mitosis, the process of
46
Compared to mitosis, meiosis results meiosis results in daughter cells that are
in a greater —
—
F
amount of cell cytoplasm per cell
G
number of daughter cells per cell
H
amount of genetic material per cell
J
number of cell chromosomes per cell
A diploid cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cells.
B
diploid cells with a smaller number of
chromosomes than the parent cells.
C
haploid cells with the same number of
chromosomes as the parent cells.
D haploid cells with a smaller number of
chromosomes than the parent cells.
Page 15
GO ON
47
Which statement best describes the end result of this process?
A Two new DNA molecules are formed, each identical to the original.
B
New molecules of mRNA are transcribed from the DNA molecule.
C
A protein molecule is synthesized from the code in the DNA molecule.
D The new DNA molecules are made from opposite DNA strands so are not
identical.
Page 16
GO ON
48
Which statement best summarizes the purpose of this process?
F
A new mRNA molecule is manufactured that will carry a copy of the DNA’s message to the
ribosome. G
New DNA molecules are formed that have new sequences of DNA nucleotides from the
original.
H
As nucleotides match up with the DNA code, amino acids sequence to form the appropriate
protein.
J
Two DNA molecules, containing the same genetic code as the original DNA molecule, are
produced.
49
What event is occurring in the diagram?
A Replication
B
Protein synthesis
C
Transcription D Translation
Page 17
GO ON
50
Which statement best describes the DNA molecules made from this process?
F
The new DNA molecules are identical to each other and to the original molecule.
G
The new DNA molecules are identical to each other but not to the original molecule.
H
The new DNA molecules are each identical to only one strand in the original molecule.
J
The new DNA molecules are not identical to the original, providing variation in the DNA.
Page 18
GO ON
51
52
Which of the following processes is shown
in the figure above?
Which of these could be shown by this
F
Replication
G
Protein assembly
replication
H
Transcription
RNA just finishing the process of
J
Translation
figure? A DNA just finishing the process of
B
duplication
C
RNA just beginning the process of
translation
D DNA just beginning the process of
replication
Page 19
GO ON
53
54
Which of the following diagrams shows a
stage in embryological development when
specialized cells develop?
F
G
Scientists set up an experiment using non­
H
human eggs to learn the factors that
affect cell differentiation. A glass needle
was used to separate 8­cell embryos into
two halves. Based on this experiment,
which of the following is most likely to
J
affect cell differentiation?
A Cell Size
B
Cell Shape
C
Cell number
D Cell position
55
A retrovirus gets its name from the fact
that when it infects a cell, a retrovirus­­
A injects pieces of its protein coat
B
produces a DNA copy of its RNA C
converts its capsid proteins into RNA
D strengthens and supports cell
functions
Page 20
GO ON
56
Which of the following illness is caused by
59
a virus?
57
F
Common colds
G
Diabetes
H
Strep throat
J
Malaria
Viruses use host cells to­­
A create fermentation products
B
facilitate respiration
C
reproduce
D create antibodies
Which labeled viral structure in the
diagram above stores viral DNA, similarly to
58
Viruses and cells are different in many
the way the nucleus stores cellular DNA?
ways. In which of these ways are viruses
A 1
and cells most similar?
B
2
F
Composition of outer covering
C
3
G
Stages of life cycle
D 4
H
Composition of genetic material
J
Stages of reproduction
Page 21
GO ON
60
Scientists are designing new medicines to
fight infectious diseases caused by
viruses. One of the most effective ways
these medicines could limit the spread of
the virus within the body would be to —
F
prevent viruses from dividing
G
burst cells infected with viruses
H
stop viruses from attaching to cells
J
make it easier for viruses to leave
cells
Page 22
GO ON
61
Identify the structures and processes at T and V.
A T ­ ribosome, protein synthesis; V ­ nucleus, cell cycle
B
T ­ chloroplast, photosynthesis; V ­ vacuole, glucose storage
C
T ­ chloroplast, photosynthesis; V ­ mitochondrion, respiration
D T ­ Golgi apparatus, packaging macromolecules; V ­ lysosomes, digestion of organelles
62
Identify structures T and V.
F
nucleus, nucleolus
G
chloroplast, mitochondrion
H
smooth ER, rough ER
J
ribosomes, Golgi apparatus
Page 23
GO ON
63
The cell process occurring at Y represents one stage of ­­
A photosynthesis
B
replication
C
respiration
D facilitated diffusion
Page 24
GO ON
64
Identify the cell organelle at X.
F
ribosome
G
mitochondrion
H
cell membrane
J
endoplasmic reticulum
Page 25
GO ON
65
Identify the cell organelle and process.
A ribosome, protein synthesis
B
chloroplast, photosynthesis
C
chromosome, DNA replication
D mitochondrion, respiration
66
Which metabolic process is considered
nonlinear­­beginning with a series of
reactions and ending with a product?
F
Calvin Reaction
G
Krebs Cyle
H
Glycolysis
J
Electron Transport System
Page 26
GO ON
67
What compound is most likely found at W?
A NADH
B
ATP
C
C6H12O6
D pyruvate
Page 27
GO ON
68
Identify substances which best complete the diagram at U and Y.
F
U ­ H2O and CO2; Y ­ C6H12O6 and O2
G
U ­ CO2 and O2; Y ­ C6H12O6 and H2O
H
U ­ C6H12O6 and O2; Y ­ CO2 and H2O
J
U ­ CH2O and CO2; Y ­ CO2 and H2O
Page 28
GO ON
69
Name the stages of cellular respiration
that come before and after the stage
represented in this diagram.
A glycolysis, electron transport chain
B
glycolysis, alcohol fermentation
C
glycolysis, lactic acid fermentation
D electron transport chain, glycolysis
Page 29
GO ON
70
What types of energy are represented at S and X?
71
F
S ­ heat energy, X ­ chemical energy
G
S ­ light energy, X ­ electrical energy
H
S ­ ADP, X ­ ATP
J
S ­ light energy, X ­ heat energy
What is the correct sequence of stages in
cellular respiration?
A glycolysis, electron transport chain,
Krebs Cycle
B
Krebs Cycle, electron transport chain,
glycolysis
C
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, electron
transport chain
D electron transport chain, Krebs Cycle,
glycolysis
Page 30
GO ON
72
73
What substance (X) initiates this stage of
cellular respiration?
Amoebas are one­celled organisms that live
in water, mud, and in animals. These
creatures have a flexible cell membrane
filled with watery cytoplasm. The actions
of the amoeba are directed by the nucleus. Contractile vacuoles store and discharge
water. To move, the liquid cytoplasm
streams to the edge of the cell wall and
A glucose
forms pseudopodia, or false feet. These
pseudopodia surround the amoeba’s prey
B
pyruvic acid
and engulf the food into a food vacuole
C
water
where it is digested by enzymes. D lactic acid
Which structure of the amoeba plays the
main role in maintaining homeostasis with its
watery environment?
F
Nucleus
G
Food Vacuole
function. Diffusion and osmosis are similar
H
Pseudopodium
in that they are both types of­­­
J
Contractile Vacuole
F
protein synthesis processes G
passive transport processes
H
cellular replication processes
J
cellular metabolism processes
Page 31
74
Diffusion and osmosis are both vital to cell
GO ON
75
A few drops of Lugol's iodine solution placed in a beaker of water will turn the water red. A
white starch solution was poured into a length of dialysis tubing and the ends were tied. The
tubing was then dropped into the beaker of iodine solution. After 10 minutes, the white starch
solution turned black and the iodine water remained red. What cellular structure was the
dialysis tubing most likely representing in this experiment?
A cell wall B
cell membrane
C
vacuole
D nucleus
76
Which of these is a defining characteristic
77
Prokaryotes are single celled organisms
in a eukaryotic cell?
belonging to the Domains: Archae and
F
presence of a membrane bound
Bacteria. Which of the following cell
nucleus
structures would not be present in
G
DNA is present
H
absence of membrane bound
J
prokaryotic cells?
A Cell Membrane
mitochondria
B
Ribosome
reproduces asexually
C
nucleus
D cytoplasm
Page 32
GO ON
78
80
Food provides the human body with all
the following except­­
F
calories
G
nutrients
H
oxygen
J
water
81
Cells obtain energy from organic
compounds and transfer it to the
Which of the following substances must
be taken into the cell by the structure
above labeled 3 because it is too large to
79
energy used to drive the chemical
reactions in the cell in which of these
organelles?
pass through the cell membrane?
A 1
F
Sodium
B
2
G
Glucose
C
3
H
Polysaccharide
D 4
J
Potassium
Energy conversion within a plant cell
would be limited most severely by removal
of the cell's
A mitochondria
B
chloroplasts
C
ribosomes
D endoplasmic reticulum
Page 33
GO ON
82
Use the diagram to answer the question
below.
The cell membrane plays an essential role
in the life of the cell. How does the cell
membrane help maintain the health of the
cell in the figure above?
F
The cell membrane contains genetic
information of the cell.
G
The cell membrane provides support
and protection for the cell.
H
The cell membrane is where protein
molecules are manufactured in a cell.
J
The cell membrane regulates the
movement of materials in and out of
the cell.
83
The energy that comes from organic
compounds is transferred to the cell to
maintain healthy function. Which
organelle in an animal cell is responsible
for this energy transfer?
A mitochondria
B
nucleus
C
ribosomes
D cytoplasm
Page 34
GO ON
84
Which cellular process would be affected first if the structure labeled 3 were destroyed?
F
Photosynthesis
G
Reproduction
H
Respiration
J
Transport
Page 35
GO ON
85
What is the name of this stage of cellular
respiration?
A Calvin cycle
B
glycolysis
C
Kreb's cycle
D electron transport chain
86
Some students measured the pH of water
containing elodea, a common water plant.
The students wanted to learn how much
carbon dioxide elodea removes from the
water. The students knew that
decreasing levels of carbon dioxide
correspond to increasing pH. Which
cellular structure in elodea carries out the
process that is most likely to result in
increasing pH?
F
Chloroplast
G
Cytoplasm
H
Mitochondria
J
Nucleus
Page 36
GO ON
87
A student puts some drops of Lugol’s iodine solution into the water in the beaker shown above.
The water turned red. After a short time, the starch solution inside the dialysis tubing turned
black. Which function of the cell membrane was the student demonstrating?
A Facilitated diffusion of starch
B
Active transport of hydrogen ions
C
Diffusion through a permeable membrane
D Diffusion through a semipermeable membrane
Page 37
BE SURE YOU HAVE RECORDED ALL OF YOUR ANSWERS
ON YOUR ANSWER DOCUMENT
STOP