Download hcp world history project

Coosa High School
Rome, Georgia
Instructor: Randy Vice
Created by: Kierra Smith, Kayla Breeden,
and Myra Hernandez
HCP WORLD HISTORY PROJECT
THE ROMAN CONQUEST
SECTION ONE: POWERPOINT
SECTION TWO: WRITTEN REPORT
SECTION ONE
POWERPOINT
PRESENTATION
The Roman Conquest of Europe
By: Kierra Smith
Mayra Hernandez
Kayla Breeden
The First Romans
The earliest to settle on the Italian Peninsula arrived in
prehistoric times, 1000 – 500 B.C.
The Latins, Greeks, and the Etruscans battled for control of
the peninsula
The Latins are considered the first Romans
The Latins, The Greeks, and The
Etruscans
The Latins built
the original
settlement of Rome
The Greeks
established colonies
along Southern Italy
and Sicily
The Etruscans
were native to
Northern Italy and
they strongly
influenced the
development of
Roman Civilization
The Republic
After Tarquin the
Proud was taken
from power, the
Romans decided
they would never be
ruled by a king again
After this was
decided they
established a
republic
After the creation
of the republic, they
expanded their
territory by
conquering Italy
The Italian Conquest
To extend their
power the legions
battled for control
of the Italian
Peninsula
By the 4th century
B.C. the Romans
dominated central
Italy
By 265 B.C. They
had nearly of Italy
Treatment of the conquered people
 Rome treated different regions
of its conquered people
differently
 Neighboring Latins on the
timber became full citizens of
Rome
 In territories farther than Rome;
they had all the same rights as
citizens except the right to vote
Treatment continued …
 All others were allies
 Rome didn’t interfere with its
allies as long as they supplied
troops for the Roman army and
didn’t make friendship treaties
with other states
 They all became partners in
Rome’s growth
 This policy toward defeated
people helped Rome in building
a long lasting empire
Carthage
 Carthage interfered with Roman
access to the Mediterranean,
where they traded
 In 264 B.C., Rome and Carthage
went to war
 These were called the Punic Wars
The Punic Wars
 These were a series of three wars
 The first lasted 23 years and was
fought for control of Sicily and
the western Mediterranean –
Carthage was defeated
 The Second happened in 218
B.C. when Hannibal assembled
an army to capture Rome
 The Romans stood strong and
Hannibal never captured Rome
The Third Punic War
 The third war in 149 B.C. was
when Rome laid siege to
Carthage and made its territory a
Roman province
 Rome’s victories in the Punic
Wars gave it control over the
Western Mediterranean
 They then went on to conquer
the eastern half and by 70 B.C.
Rome’s empire stretched from
Anatolia to Spain
Roman Republic
The Republic
 As Rome’s territory expanded, it’s
republican government grew
unstable
 The Republic collapsed as Romans
experienced economic turmoil, civil
war, and military upheaval
 In this military upheaval it was
possible for a military leader
supported by his troops to take
control by force
 Because of this the government
changed to dictator ruled and Julius
Caesar came to rule as he tried to
expand the empire
Julius Caesar
 Joined forces with Crassulus, a
wealthy Roman, and Pompey a
popular general
 Caesar was elected consul with
their help in 59 B.C.
 For the next 10 years they
dominated Rome as a
triumvirate
Caesar
 During 58-50 B.C. Caesar led his
legions in a grueling but
conquered all of Gaul
 He won his men’s loyalty and
devotion, because of his fully
hardship in the war
 This made him very popular in
the war
All or Nothing
 Caesar refusing to go back to
Rome, led his army across the
Rubicon River in Italy on Jan.
10, 49 B.C.
 Caesar’s troops defeated
Pompey’s armies in Greece, Asia,
Spain, and Egypt
 Caesar returned to Rome in 46
B.C.
 He was appointed dictator by the
senate, and in 44 B.C. he was
named dictator for life
 He governed as an absolute ruler
Differences
 For people in the provinces he
granted Roman citizenship
 Expanded the senate with friends
and supporters
 Created jobs for the poor
 Started colonies
 Increased soldiers pay
His Death
 Many people liked Caesar, yet
many feared for themselves
 Marcus Brutus and Gauis Cassius
and important senators plotted
his assassination
 Caesar was stabbed to death in
the senate chamber on March 15,
44 B.C.
The Second Triumvirate
 The Roman Republic what was
left of it was destroyed when the
civil war broke out again
 A Second Triumvirate was
formed by Caesars 18 year old
grandnephew, adopted son
Octavian, Mark Antony, and a
powerful politician named
Lepidus, which lasted for 10
years
The End of the Second Triumvirate
 Jealousy and violence was the
cause of the end to their alliance
 Octavian forced Lepidus to retire
 Octavian and Mark Antony
became rivals
Continuation….
 Mark Antony meets Queen
Cleopatra of Egypt
 He fell in love and followed her
to Egypt
 Octavian accused Antony for
plotting to rule Rome from
Egypt
 Civil war broke out again
 At the Naval Battle of Actium in
31 B.C. Antony and Cleopatra
were defeated by Octavian
 Soon after Antony and Cleopatra
committed suicide
A New Ruler of Rome
 Octavian restored some aspects
of the republic
 Became the unchallenged ruler
of Rome
 Accepted the title of Augustus or
“Exalted One”
 He kept the title emperor
Powerful After All
 Since the rule of Augustus Rome
was at the peak of power
 Throughout the empire, peace
reigned, for 207 years
 That period was known as the
Pax Romana
 The Roman empire was made of
more than 3 million square miles
 60-80 million was its population
 About 1 million lived in the city
A Stable Government
 Augustus was Rome’s
ablest emperor.
After Augustus died in
A.D. 14, the government that
he established survived for
centuries.
Due to the civil service of
carrying out day-to-day
business. The Romans
managed to control an
empire by the second
century A.D. reached from
Spain to Mesopotamia, from
North Africa to Britain.
Roman Trade
 Rome had a vast trading network.
 The Romans built complex
systems of roads linked the empire
in places as far as Persia and
southern Russia.
 These roads were originally built
by the Roman army for military
purposes.
Trade brought Roman ways to its
provinces and beyond.
Roman World
 Throughout History, the
Romans emphasized the values
of discipline, strength, and
loyalty.
 The Romans were practical
people that honored strength
more than beauty, power more
than grace, and usefulness
more than elegance.
The Roman empire was filled
with people from all walks of
life, creating a very diverse
society.
Slavery
Slavery was a vital aspect of Roman
life. One-third of the population are
slaves.
Many slaves were treated cruelly and
worked at hard labor all day long.
Some strong , and healthy males were
forced to become gladiators, or
professional fighters, who fought to the
death in public contests. Other slaves
were better treated
Occasionally slaves would revolt . None
of the revolts succeeded.
More than a million slaves lost their
lives to gain their freedom.
Gods and Goddesses
 The Romans worshiped powerful spirits
or divine forces, called numina. They
thought they resided in everything around
them.
 Lares were the guardian spirits of each
family.
 Government and religion were closely
linked. Deities were symbols of the state.
Romans were expected to honor them in
public worship ceremonies and in their
private rituals at shrines in their homes.
Society
 By the time of the empire, wealth
and social status made a huge
difference in how people lived.
The rich lived extravagantly. But,
most people in Tome barely had the
necessities of life. During the time of
the empire much of the population
was unemployed. So, the
government supported the people
with daily rations of bread.
To entertain and control these
masses of people the government
provided free games ,races, mock
battles , and gladiator contests.
Spread of Christianity
 When Roman power spread to Judea ,
home of the Jews, many began to believe in
the coming of the messiah .
The messiah was a Jew named Jesus,
according to the Bible. Jesus had a group of
followers called disciples which then
became to be known as apostles.
Jesus lived a perfect life, and was
crucified by Pontius Pilate. Later, according
to the Gospel, Jesus rose from his tomb
and ascended into heaven.
Due to the magnificent life Jesus Christ
did. A religion called Christianity was
formed. Christians are people who follow
and pattern their life after the perfect life of
Christ.
Weakening Empire
 At the end of the reign of emperor
Marcus Aurelius marked the end of a
time period called Pax Romana.
 On the Mediterranean Sea, hostile
tribes and pirates disrupted trade,
weakening the economy. Due to this
the economy suffered from inflation.
 The military was disarray after Pax
Romana. Over time, the soldiers
began their allegiance not to Rome
but to their commanders, who fought
amongst themselves for the throne.
To defend against threats the
government recruited mercenaries.
Restoration
 In A.D. 284, Diocletian came to
power. He restored order to the
previous unstable government.
Diocletian then divided the empire
into the Greek-speaking East and the
Latin-speaking West.
Due to ill-health Diocletian retired in
A.D. 305.
Civil War broke out immediately
afterwards.
By 311, four rivals were competing
for power. Among them was
Constantine.
Constantine
In 312 A.D. Constantine
gained control of the western
part of the empire.
In 324 Constantine secured
control of the East, restoring
the concept of a single ruler.
In 330 A.D. Constantine
moved the capital from Rome
to the Greek city called
Byzantium, which was
eventually changed to
Constantinople.
Constantine Accepts Christianity
In A.D.313, the Roman emperor
Constantine announced a end to
the prosecution of the Christians.
He then declared Christianity to be
one of the approved religions by
the emperor.
 In 380 emperor Theodosius
made it the empire’s official
religion.
Christianity united the Roman
empire
Fall of Roman Empire
After the empire was divided
,the west fell to outside
invasions.
In 527 Justinian came to the
throne. According to historians
Justinian was the last Roman
Emperor and the first Byzantine
Emperor (even though the word
“Byzantine didn’t exist).
He set up a powerful
government that lasted for a
short period of time.
The empire began to fall when
a plague of illness hit the land
and took a huge percentage of
the population. It was then stuck
by a wave of invasions. But, held
them off for one hundred years,
and finally fell to the Ottoman
Turks.
SECTION TWO
HANDWRITTEN
REPORT
Roman Conquest of Europe
By:
Kierra Smith
Kayla Breeden
Myra Hernandez
Handwritten Report