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Name:_____________________________________ Class Period:___________ Review for 7th Science 2nd Semester Exam 14-15 Answer the questions. 1) What would be the likely effects of a hurricane on a marsh ecosystem? LOSS OF PLANT LIFE FROM SALTWATER BROUGHT IN BY STORM SURGE 2) In which ways do Tornados create changes in ecosystems HIGH WINDS DAMAGE AREA OF IMPORTANT PLANT LIFE 3) What are some of the possible effects of lightning in a thunderstorm? START FOREST FIRES 4) What are the possible positive effects a forest fire can have on an ecosystem? CLEARS UNDERBRUSH TO ALLOW NEW PLANTS TO GROW List: How each Catastrophic event forms 5) Drought –LACK OF RAINFALL FOR A LONG PERIOD OF TIME 6) Wild Fire –LIGHTNING,BURN PILES,CARELESSNESS OF PEOPLE,FIREWORKS,CIGARETTES 7) Hurricane – HIGH AND LOW PRESSURE AREAS MEET;WATER TEMPERATURE GIVES ENERGY 8) Earthquake –VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS AND MOVEMENT OF TECTONIC PLATES 9) Volcano –PRESSURE FROM GASSES WITHIN THE MAGMA BUILDS UP AND ERUPTS THROUGH THE EARTHS CRUST 10) Tsunami – UNDERWATER VOLCANIC ERUPTIONS, UNDERWATER LANDSLIDES,UNDERWATER EARTHQUAKES,OR METEORITE IMPACT 11) Tornado –COMBINATION OF HOT AIR RISING AND COLD AIR SINKINNG, CREATING A ROTATION;FROM THUNDERSTORMS OR HURRICANES Page 1 of 7 12) Flood –INTENSE OR LONG-TERM PRECIPITATION FROM THUNDERSTORMS, HURRICANE STORM SURGES, OR MELTING SNOW Answer the questions. 13) What type of land formation would you expect to find where the river deposits sediments as it reaches the Gulf? _________DELTA______________________________________________________ 14) Subsidence, or the sinking of the ground because of weakened underground rock layers, can be caused by humans what? _________EXCESSIVELY PUMPING WATER FROM AQUIFERS___________________ 15) It is reasonable to predict that a region that does not receive much rain, compared to other ecoregions, would have more or less soil erosion? _________LESS SOIL EROSION____________________________________ 16) What is the source of the distinct shapes and features of sand dunes in a desert? _________DIRECTION OF PREVAILING WINDS______________________________ 17) Pollutants from a factory that enter the water in a watershed will have a negative effect on what parts of the ecosystem? ___________LOCAL POND LIFE____________________________________ 18) What process is responsible for creating sand bars? __________WAVE ACTION & CURRENTS_____________________________ 19) How are Canyons formed? _____________RIVERS CARRYING SEDIMENTS THAT ERODE LAND_________ 20) Rapid growth of algae in a pond is often the result of what? _____________EXCESS NUTRIENTS FROM FERTILIZER RUNOFF_________ 21) Which ecoregion is most vulnerable to wind erosion from hurricanes originating in the Gulf of Mexico? __________GULF PRAIRIES AND MARSHES__________________ 22) What is a possible effect of severe beach erosion? __________SAND BARS WILL FORM OFFSHORE_____________________ 23) What protects living organisms on Earth from the harmful effects of solar wind? ___________MAGNETOSPHERE___________________________________ Page 2 of 7 24) How does the distance of the Earth from the Sun effect the Earth’s ability to support life? THE TEMPERATURE WOULD BE TOO COLD IF WE WERE FURTHER AWAY 25) What accommodations have been designed to protect astronauts from micrometeoroids hitting their spacesuits? ___MULTILAYERED SPACE SUITS_______________________________ 26) What helps astronauts move from one area to another inside of a spaceship? ___SPECIAL HANDLES_________________________________________ 27) What determines whether or not a planet supports life? ___THE PRESENCE OF AN OZONE LAYER OR WATER________________ 28) Life on Earth depends on energy from _SUN (SOLAR)______________ 29) Astronaut beds have straps attached to provide a safe sleeping environment. What condition of space do the straps accommodate? ____MICROGRAVITY ENVIRONMENT_____________________________ 30) Why do Astronauts need to exercise while in space? ____TO PREVENT MUSCLES & BONES FROM BEING WEAKENED__________ 31) What is the most important factor that determines Earth’s temperature? _____PROXIMITY TO THE SUN___________________________________ 32) Why do Space stations require an oxygen system? _____SPACE IS AIRLESS______________________________ 33) What shields the Earth from ultraviolet radiation? ______OZONE LAYER___________________________________________ 34) What is Ecological Succession? ____A CHANGE IN TYPES AND NUMBERS OF SPECIES PRESENT IN A COMMUNITY OVER TIME SUCH AS AFTER A DISTURBANCE 35) List the stages in the processes of ecological succession WEEDS GROW FIRST AND THEN LARGER SPECIES OF BUSHES, SHRUBS AND TREES 36) What is a pioneer species? _____FIRST SPECIES TO APPEAR IN SUCCESSION_________________ 37) What quality is the necessary for a sustainable ecosystem? ______GREAT VAIETY OF LIVING THINGS__________________________ 38) After a wildfire, what is the first thing that will grow again? ______WEEDS_______________________________________________________ Page 3 of 7 39) Is the rate at which species produce offspring effected by ecological succession? _____NO____________________________________________________________ 40) What type of habitat is an organism that stores large quantities of water internally most likely to live in? _____ONE THAT GETS LITTLE TO NO PRECIPITATION (DESERT)_________ 41) Be able to use a dichotomous key to identify an organism. 42) What environmental condition will most likely lead to the adaptations that allow a species of fish to not only survive outside of the water, but to actually travel from one water source to another? ___FREQUENT DROUGHTS___________________ 43) Which internal structure is an adaptation that provided organisms with the function to perform gas exchange on land?__LUNGS__________________________ 44) Why are Archeabacteria unique? ____THEY CAN LIVE IN EXTREME CONDITIONS 45) Correctly list the levels of classification in order. __KINGDOM,PHYLUM,CLASS,ORDER,FAMILY,GENUS,SPECIES___________________ 46) What is the difference between behavioral and structural adaptations: __BEHAVIORAL DETERMINES HIBERNATION,ETC BUT STRUCTURAL CHANGES THE LOOK OR MAKE-UP OF THE PHYSICAL FEATURES_____________ 47) How does the adaptation of camouflage protect against predators? ____BODY COLOR MATCHES HABITAT AND MAKES IT HARDER TO SEE______ 48) Define Eukaryote: __A CELL THAT HAS A TRUE NUCLEUS______________ 49) Define Muscular System: ____RESPONSIBLE FOR THE MOVEMENT OF THE BODY AND INTERNAL ORGANS_______________________________________ 50) Define Endocrine System: ____PRODUCES HORMONES THAT AFFECT OTHER PARTS OF THE BODY____________________________________ 51) Define Nervous System: ____RESPONSIBLE FOR RAPIDLY COMMUNICATING INFORMATION INSIDE THE BODY USING ELECTRICAL IMPULSES__________ 52) Define Skeletal System: ____PROVIDES STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOR THE BODY AND A PLACE FOR MUSCLES TO ATTACH________________________ 53) Define Integumentary System: ____SKIN-PRTECTS BODY FROM EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT______________________________________ 54) Define Respiratory System: _____EXCHANGE GASES, MOSTLY CARBON DIOXIDE AND OXYGEN, BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE ATMOSPHERE____________ 55) Define Excretory System: _____FILTER WATER AND FLUIDS FROM THE BLOOD AND REMOVE WASTE PRODUCTS FROM THE BODY_________________ 56) Define Circulatory System: ____PUMP OXYGEN AND NUTRIENTS THROUGH THE BLOOD TO EVERY PART OF THE BODY_________________________ 57) Define Reproductive System: _____PRODUCES OFFSPRING___ Page 4 of 7 58) Define Digestive System: ____BREAKS DOWN FOOD TO BE ABSORBED IN THE BLOODSTREAM___________________________________ Label the parts of the FROG LIVER FORELEG EG STOMACH t SM.INTESTINE T LG.INTESTINE T T T Y EYE HIND LEG M P A N U59) List in correct order the organization in plants and animals from least to most M complex?_CELLS,TISSUES,ORGANS,ORGAN SYSTEMS,ORGANISMS_______ T Y60) Define Cells: M P_____SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE THAT MAKES UP ALL LIVING THINGS_______ A N61) Define Tissue: U_____COLLECTION OF CELLS WITH SIMILAR FUNCTIONS_________ M I62) Define Organs: n_____COLLECTION OF TISSUES ___________________________ t e63) Define Organ Systems: s ____COLLECTION OF ORGANS THAT ALL WORK TOGETHER___ t i64) Define Organisms: n e_____COLLECTION OF ORGAN SYSTEMS THAT MAKES UP A LIVING THING_ s65) Which two parts of the cell are unique to plant cells? _____CELL WALL & CHLOROPLASTS__________________________ Page 5 of 7 Define the Function of each of the Organelles listed below 66) Nucleus:___FOUND IN CENTER OF CELL AND CONTAINS GENETIC MATERIAL 67) Cell Membrane: REGULATES TRANSFER OF MATERIAL IN AND OUT OF THE CELL_ 68) Chloroplasts:WHERE PHOTOSYNTHESIS TAKES PLACE IN A PLANT CELL__ 69) Cell Wall: _CONTROLS PRESSURE IN CELL_______________ 70) Vacuoles: _STORE WATER,WASTE AND NUTRIENTS FOR CELL 71) Cytoplasm: _CLEAR JELLY______________________________________ 72) Mitochondria: ____PRODUCE ENERGY FOR THE CELL_____________________ 73) Ribosome: _BUILD PROTEIN FOR THE CELL________________ 74) Lysosome: _HOLDS ENZYMES THAT ARE MADE IN THE CELL; LOCATION OF DIGESTION WITHIN THE CELL__________ 75) Smooth ER: _DOES NOT HAVE RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO IT_________ 76) Rough ER: _HAS RIBOSOMES ATTACHED TO IT____________________ 77) Golgi Body: _GATHERS SIMPLE MOLECULES AND COMBINES THEM INTO MORE COMPLEX MOLECULES; BUILDS LYSOSOMES_______________ 78) Define Cell Theory: _THEORY THAT ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE UP OF CELLS__ 79) Define Genetics:_THE TRANSFER OF INHERITED TRAITS FROM PARENT TO OFFSPRING 80) Define Heredity: _THE TRAITS THAT OFFSPRING INHERIT FROM PARENTS (DOMINANT VS RECESSIVE)_____________________ 81) When are recessive genes expressed? _IN THE ABSENCE OF DOMINANT GENES FOR THAT SAME TRAIT________ 82) When are dominant genes expressed? _EVERY TIME THEY ARE FOUND IN AN ORGANISM_________ Page 6 of 7 83) Define Asexual Reproduction: _reproductive process that involves one parent and produces offspring identical to the parent 84) Define Sexual Reproduction: _REPRODUCTIVE PROCESS INVOLVING 2 PARENTS WHOSE GENETIC MATERIAL IS COMBINED TO PRODUCE A NEW ORGANISM DIFFERENT FROM THEMSELVES 85) In asexual reproduction, the offspring are diverse or identical? ___IDENTICAL___ 86) In sexual reproduction, the offspring are diverse or identical? __DIVERSE_______ 87) What is the asexual process that prokaryotes use to reproduce? BINARY FISSION 88) Define prokaryote: __NO NUCLEUS_________ Identify the Four Stages of Mitosis 88.PROPHASE 89.METAPHASE 90.ANAPHASE Page 7 of 7 91.TELOPHASE