Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Expanded genetic code wikipedia , lookup
Protein (nutrient) wikipedia , lookup
Cell-penetrating peptide wikipedia , lookup
Nucleic acid analogue wikipedia , lookup
Protein adsorption wikipedia , lookup
Fatty acid metabolism wikipedia , lookup
Biosynthesis wikipedia , lookup
Protein structure prediction wikipedia , lookup
Proteolysis wikipedia , lookup
The Molecules of Life Biological Macromolecules You Are What You Eat What does this mean? What Are Macromolecules? Large organic molecules • Organic = Contains mostly carbon! – Carbon is special because it can make 4 bonds – Make large chains or rings of carbon methane cholesterol Glucose Macromolecules Make Up Our Cells! Macromolecules are Polymers • Polymer = large molecule made up of smaller subunits, or monomers. Label the Monomer & Polymer Monomer Polymer Monomer Polymer Polymer Monomer Come Up With Your Own Example! (1) Carbohydrates: Structure • Monomer (basic unit): – Monosaccharides (simple sugars) • Ex: glucose – Disaccharides (2 simple sugars joined together) • Ex: lactose • Polymer (chain of units): – Polysaccharides (complex carbs) • Ex.: starch, cellulose, chitin, glycogen Carbohydrates: Function Provide body with energy! • What should you eat before playing the big game? Candy bar or pasta? – Candy bar: contains simple sugars, provides a short burst of energy – Pasta: contains starch which takes longer to break down, provides longer-lasting energy *We can’t digest cellulose- it is used as fiber, or roughage instead. • Ex. : corn Complex carb (ex. Starch) Broken down to disaccharides Broken down further Simple sugars (ex. Glucose) Carbohydrates: Food Sources • Simple carbs (simple • Complex carbs (like sugars) are found in most starches) are found in candy and sweet drinks, pasta, bread, potatoes, fruit, vegetables, and milk. legumes & corn. They take They are quickly digested longer to digest, and and give a short burst of provide energy longer. energy. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QhUrc4BnPgg (2) Lipids: Structure • Monomers (basic unit): – Glycerol + Fatty Acids • Polymer (chain of units): – Triglyceride Lipids: Function • Long-term energy storage • Form cell membranes • Produce waterproofing covering in cells/tissues Lipids: Food Sources 1. Fats (Saturated) – – – – From animals (solid fats) Single bonds between C-atoms Difficult to break down From meats (fish, eggs, beef, chicken, pork, etc.) 2. Oils (Unsaturated) – – – – Usually liquids At least 1 double bond between C-atoms Easier to break down From vegetables (canola oil, vegetable oil, olive oil, avocado, peanuts, almonds. (3) Nucleic Acids: Structure • Monomers (basic unit): – nucleotides • Polymers (chain of units): – DNA and RNA Nucleic Acids: Function • Stores and transmits genetic information Nucleic Acids: Food Sources • We get nucleic acid components from vitamins and minerals in our diet. These in turn, come from fruits, vegetables, grains, meats, & almost anything else you can think of with some nutritional value (no junk food!). Protein: Functions • Move substances in and • Control cell processes our of cells • Control rate of reactions • Help fight diseases (4) Proteins: Structure • Monomer (basic unit): – amino acids • 20 different kinds!* • Polymer (chain of units): – Protein (polypeptides) Polypeptide (chain of amino acids) Protein (a bunch of polypeptides) Protein: Food Sources • Proteins are found in meat, fish, legumes, nuts, milk, eggs, grains and soy products. • There are 6 amino acids that our bodies cannot make- we can only get these from food.