Download Section 12.3 - WordPress.com

Section 12.3
Circulatory System Disorders
• Condition that occurs when the walls of the arteries
thicken and lose some elastic properties
• “hardening of the arteries”
• Plaque (fatty deposits, calcium and fibrous tissue) builds
up inside the artery wall
Arteriosclerosis Description
• Narrowing of arteries results in:
• Decreased blood flow
• Increased blood pressure
Arteriosclerosis Description
• Atherosclerosis can result in:
•
•
•
•
•
Angina (chest pain)
Blood clots
Shortness of breath
Heart attack
Heart failure
Arteriosclerosis Description
• Angioplasty
• A tube is inserted into a clogged artery, a tiny balloon is
inflated to force the artery open, and sometimes a wire mesh
called a stent is inserted to keep the artery open
Arteriosclerosis Treatment
• Coronary by-pass
• A healthy artery or vein is removed from one part of the
body (usually an arm or leg) and is grafted around a
blockage to create a new pathway that reroutes blood
around the blockage
ArteriosclerosisTreatment
• Is a bulge in the wall of an artery at a weakened area of
the arterial wall. This can be caused by medical
problems, injury or genetic conditions.
• Increased blood pressure causes the aneurysm to grow
over time and can eventually cause the aneurysm to
rupture, causing internal bleeding and possible death.
• Most occur in the aorta.
Aneurysm –
description
• Aneurysms are treated with surgery to remove the
damaged portion of the blood vessel. The damaged area
can be replaced with a patch (graft) made of Teflon or
Dacron
Aneurysm –
Treatment
• Regurgitation – valves do not close completely and
blood flows backward through the valve.
Heart Valve Diseases Description
• Stenosis – the valve opening becomes narrowed from
thickening or scarring, inhibiting blood flow out of the
chambers of the heart
Heart Valve Diseases Description
• Valve prolapse – flaps bulge back into the chamber they
lead out of, preventing the formation of a tight seal
Heart Valve Diseases Description
• Most valve disorders are monitored. If severe, the valve
is either repaired or replaced. Mechanical valves or
transplant valves are used for replacement.
Heart Valve Diseases Treatment
• Arrhythmia is a problem with the speed or rhythm of the
heart beat. This may be harmless, but in serious cases
can lead to insufficient blood flow to the body tissues.
Arrhythmia –
Description
• Medication may help regulate heart beat, but sometimes
an artificial pacemaker may be implanted. The
pacemaker emits electrical impulses to control heart rate.
Arrhythmia –
Treatment
• Congenital refers to any illness that is present from birth.
Congenital heart defects can be problems with the walls
of the heart, the valves or the vessels near the heart.
Congenital Heart Defects
- Description
• Heart murmur – defect that causes abnormalities in
blood flow through the heart usually due to valve
problems. These are often diagnosed using a stethoscope,
where it is heard as a whooshing or rasping sound as
blood leaks through the valve.
Common congenital
heart defects
• A stroke results when there is inadequate blood flow to
the brain due to damage or blockage of the arteries that
deliver blood to the brain. There are 2 types of stroke:
Stroke - description
• Ischemic stroke – due to blocked blood vessel. Since
blood does not reach brain tissue, it can result in death of
brain cells. The longer the brain goes without oxygen,
the greater the risk of permanent brain damage. This type
of stroke is generally treated with clot-busting drugs or
with surgery.
Ischemic stroke
• Hemorrhagic stroke – due to a burst blood vessel in the
brain that causes bleeding in the brain tissue. This type of
stroke is generally treated with surgery to stop bleeding
and to try to repair damage to blood vessels.
Hemorrhagic
stroke