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Transcript
Name ___________________________ Mr. B’s Chemistry Block ______ Date ________________ Write formulas for the reactants and predicted products for the chemical reactions that follow. Assume that in all cases a reaction occurs. The equation must be balanced. Write all substances in their proper form –as ions if appropriate – and cancel any spectator ions. 1. Solutions of tin(II) chloride and iron(III) chloride are mixed. Sn2+ + 2 Fe3+ 2. Solutions of cobalt(II) nitrate and sodium hydroxide are mixed. Co2+ + 2 OH- 3. H2PO4- + H2O Solid calcium sulfite is heated in a vacuum. CaSO3 6. 2 CO2 + 2 H2O Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of phosphoric acid and potassium hydroxide are mixed. H3PO4 + OH- 5. Co(OH)2 (s) Ethene gas is burned in air. C2H4 + 3 O2 4. Sn4+ + 2 Fe2+ CaO + SO2 Excess hydrochloric acid is added to a solution of diamminesilver(I) nitrate. 2 H+ + Cl- + [Ag(NH3)2]+ 2NH4+ + AgCl 2 NH4+ + AgCl2- 2 H+ + 2 Cl- + [Ag(NH3)2]+ (AgCl2- as a product is possible if the HCl is concentrated and in excess) 7. Solid sodium oxide is added to distilled water. Na2O + H2O 8. A strip of zinc is added to a solution of 6.0-molar hydrobromic acid. Zn + 2 H+ 9. 2 Na+ + 2 OHH2 + Zn2+ Excess potassium hydroxide solution is added to a solution of aluminum nitrate. Al3+ + 3 OH- Al(OH)3 Other acceptable products: Al(OH)4-; Al(OH)4(H2O)2-; Al2O3 xH2O; AlO210. A solution of sodium bromide is added to an acidified solution of potassium bromate. 24 H+ + 10 Br- + 4 BrO3- 11. Sulfur dioxide gas is bubbled into distilled water. SO2 + H2O 12. 7 Br2 + 12 H2O H2SO3 (or H+ + HSO3- or H+ + HSO3- + SO32-) Phosphine (phosphorus trihydride) gas is bubbled into liquid boron trichloride. PH3 + BCl3 H3PBCl3 13. Hydrogen gas is passed over hot iron(II) oxide powder. H2 + FeO 14. H2O + Fe Solid potassium amide is added to distilled water. NH3 + OH- + K+ (or NH4OH + OH- + K+) KNH2 + H2O 15. A strip of magnesium metal is heated strongly in pure nitrogen gas. 3 Mg + N2 16. A solution of nickel chloride is added to a solution of sodium sulfide. Ni2+ + S2- 17. NiS Ni2+ + H2S NiS + 2 H+ Ni2+ + HS- NiS + H+ Solid calcium carbonate is strongly heated. CaCO3 18. Mg3N2 CaO + CO2 A piece of nickel metal is immersed in a solution of copper(II) sulfate. Ni + Cu2+ Ni2+ + Cu hydrated ions acceptable with correct charge; partial credit for Ni(OH)2 as product 19. Equal volumes of equimolar solutions of disodium hydrogen phosphate and hydrochloric acid are mixed. HPO42- + H+ H2PO4- incorrect charge on H2PO4- when only one product occurs, partial credit; partial credit for transfer if H+ from an ionic reactant to product when a phosphate species is incorrectly but consistently written. 20. Chlorine gas is bubbled into a solution of sodium bromide. Cl2 + 2 Br- 2 Cl- + Br2 no credit for monatomic Cl as reactant or Br as product 21. Ammonia gas is bubbled into a solution of ethanoic (acetic) acid. NH3 + HC2H3O2 C2H3O2- + NH4+ partial credit for NH4C2H3O2; partial credit for NH3 + H+ 22. NH4 Solid ammonium carbonate is added to a saturated solution of barium hydroxide. (NH4)2CO3 + Ba2+ + 2 OH- 2 NH3 + BaCO3 + 2 H2O partial credit for either NH3 or BaCO3; partial credit for all three species correct 23. Drops of liquid dinitrogen trioxide are added to distilled water. N2O3 + H2O 2 HNO2 partial credit for H+ + NO224. Solutions of potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate are mixed. 4 H+ + MnO4- + 3 C2O42- MnO2 + 6 CO2 + 2 H2O no penalty for OH- or H2O in equation; no credit earned for Mn2+ as product NIE for Solution of potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate First - If they just said potassium permanganate and sodium oxalate are mixed in an acidified solution then: - + -2 +2 2 Mn04 (aq) + 16H (aq) + 5C2O4 (aq) - 10CO2 + 8H2O(l) + 2Mn (aq) Second - Balanced equation is obtained from the two half redox equations, balancing electrons. - MnO4 + 8H+ + 5e- Mn +2 + 4H2O C2O42- 2CO2 + 2emultiply first by 2 and second by 5 to get 10 electrons in each, then add gives - + -2 +2 2 Mn04 (aq) + 16H (aq) + 5C2O4 (aq) - 10CO2 + 8H2O(l) + 2Mn (aq) You can clearly see the 2:5 ratio