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BIO 2 GO!
3211b, 3212b
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
The circulatory system, vascular system, and excretory system work together to
feed and clean the body of multicellular organisms.
After successfully completing this unit, you should be able to do the following:
1. Describe the function of the circulatory system and all of structures
involved in the process.
2. Described the excretory system and all of the structures involved.
3. Describe the vascular system and all of the structures involved.
4. Explain how the circulatory and excretory systems work together.
5. Explain how nitrogen waste is removed from the body.
6. Explain how carbon dioxide is removed from the body.
7. Explain how cellular respiration is related to the circulatory and excretory
systems.
8. Correctly use the following words:
circulatory system
gill
artery
excretory system
heart
capillary
vascular system
cellular respiration
vein
kidney
xylem
nitrogen waste
lung
phloem
carbon dioxide
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
3211b, 3212b
The circulatory system, vascular system, and the excretory system work together
to feed and also to clean the body of multicellular organisms.
Circulatory System:
The role of the circulatory system is to:
1) Bring nutrients, water, and oxygen to every cell
2) Remove wastes like CO2 from every cell.
Excretory System:
The role of the excretory system is to remove wastes from a body. The wastes
must pass through a cell membrane to leave the cells.
Vascular System:
Plants have a vascular system that is similar to the circulatory system in
animals. The role of the vascular system is to bring nutrients, water, and CO2
to every cell and remove all wastes like oxygen from every cell.
Question 1. How would you describe the overall function of the circulatory,
excretory, and vascular systems?
Question 2. Compare and contrast the circulatory, excretory, and vascular
systems.
How Things Work
Circulatory System:
In most large animals, including humans, the circulatory system is made of blood,
blood vessels (arteries, veins, and capillaries), and a heart. The heart is a
pump. The heart pumps the blood through the blood vessels to each cell in the
body. The blood delivers nutrients, water, and oxygen to each cell and removes all
of the cell’s waste products, like carbon dioxide.
The food and water delivered to every cell allows each cell to complete the
cellular respiration that is necessary to keep the cell alive. The waste products of
cellular respiration include carbon dioxide and water. The waste products are
picked up from each cell and removed by the blood.
Excretory System:
Special structures filter the waste products from the blood and remove them
from the body. That is the function of the excretory system. In most cases, we
generally think of 2 specialized organs to handle waste:
1) kidney
2) lungs (or gills in fish).
1) Kidney
The kidneys are a specialized organ, made up of cells working together,
which filters the nitrogen wastes and extra water out of the blood.
Nitrogen wastes are waste products of protein usage. As blood flows through
the kidney, these nitrogen wastes and extra water are filtered out of the
blood and into the kidney. The blood that leaves the kidneys has had most of
the waste nitrogen removed. From the kidney the waste nitrogen and water
are collected and removed from the body as urine.
Failure to remove the nitrogen wastes and extra water will cause the
organism to die.
2) Lungs, Gills
The lungs are specialized organs, made up of cells working together, which
filters carbon dioxide and some water out of the blood. The carbon dioxide
and water are both waste products of cellular respiration. When you exhale,
you are breathing out the carbon dioxide and water that the lungs have
filtered out of the blood.
So when you inhale, you bring fresh oxygen into the lungs for the blood
to pickup and take to the cells for cellular respiration. When you exhale,
you are breathing out the carbon dioxide and water that are the waste
products of cellular respiration which the blood has picked up and retuned to
the lungs for removal from the body.
In fish, the specialized filtering organs are called gills. They are also made
of cells working together. Gills filter oxygen out of the water for use by the
fish much like lungs filter oxygen from the air for us to use. The gills also
function like lungs because they remove the carbon dioxide and excess water
from the fish’s blood.
Failure to remove the carbon dioxide will cause the organism to die.
REMEMBER THIS!!!
Kidney’s remove waste nitrogen and extra water from the blood. Lungs and gills
remove carbon dioxide and excess water from the blood.
Interesting Scientific Fact: Most people think that humans breathe to bring
oxygen into the body. This is only partly true. Actually the first purpose of
breathing is to remove carbon dioxide from the body. A buildup of carbon dioxide
is more lethal than a lack of oxygen.
Question 3. What do the organs (heart, blood vessels, blood) found in the
circulatory system do?
Question 4. What do the organs (kidneys and lungs) found in the excretory
system do?
Vascular System:
The vascular system in plants bring food and water to every cell and
removes wastes from every cell-much like the circulatory system in animals. In
plants there are 2 specialized tissues: 1) xylem 2) phloem.
Xylem is a tissue composed of cells working together to transport food
throughout the plant. Phloem is a tissue composed of cells working together to
transport water and waste throughout the plant.
Question 5. What do the tissues (xylem and phloem) in the vascular system do?
Question 6. What is the main function of the following?
Organ
Function
Heart
Blood
Lungs
Kidney
Gills
Xylem
Phloem
Question 7. Explain how the circulatory system and the excretory system work
together.
Summary
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
In multicellular organisms, each cell must have all of its needs met, or the
cell will die. If its cells die, then the organism dies. All cells must have water,
nutrients, and oxygen to conduct their reactions. The wastes made by these
reactions must be removed or the organism will die.
Circulation is the process that allows multicellular organisms to move useful
substances to their cells and harmful substances away from their cells.
In plants, there are special vessels that carry water and nutrients to the
cells. They are called xylem (zy lum) and phloem (flo em). Xylem carries water
from the roots to all the cells in the rest of the plant. Phloem carries sugar (sap)
from the leaves to the roots in the summer and from the roots to the stem,
branches and leaves in the spring.
In animals, especially vertebrates, special vessels carry water, nutrients
and oxygen to the cells. These vessels are called arteries, capillaries, and veins.
The blood that is carried in them is pumped by the heart through the arteries.
Arteries carry nutrient and oxygen rich blood to the cells of the body. These
arteries branch again and again into smaller vessels called capillaries. The
capillaries are so small and thin that the water, nutrients and oxygen can leave
the blood and enter the tissues. Wastes and some water is returned to the
capillaries and then carried away by veins back to the heart. This blood will
then be taken to the lungs, or gills in fish and to the kidneys to get rid of the
wastes.
In the lungs or gills, carbon dioxide which is a waste product of cellular
respiration, is removed from the blood. The carbon dioxide and excess water are
then exhaled with every breath.
Nitrogen wastes are filtered by the kidney. These wastes are stored as
urine until they can be eliminated by the body.
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
Test Yourself
Matching
_____ 1. circulation
_____ 2. xylem
_____ 3. phloem
_____ 4. arteries
_____ 5. capillaries
_____ 6. veins
_____ 7. kidney
_____ 8. lungs or gills
a. carries blood away from heart to
the capillaries
b. filters nitrogenous waste from blood in
animals
c. removes carbon dioxide from blood in
animals
d. carries water in plants
e. carries sugar (sap) in plants
f. the movement of useful substances to
cells and harmful substances away from cells
g. carries blood from capillaries back to
heart
h. where water, nutrients, and oxygen leave
the blood and enter tissues in animals
True or False
_____ 1. Circulation is the process in which food is broken down into a form the
body can use.
_____ 2. Circulation is the process that allows organisms to move useful
substances to their cells and harmful substances away from their
cells.
_____ 3. In plants, xylem carries sugar from the leaves to the roots.
_____ 4. In plants, xylem carries water from the roots to the leaves.
_____ 5. In plants, phloem carries sugar from the leaves to the roots.
_____ 6. In plants, phloem carries water from the roots to the leaves.
_____ 7. Animals use their circulatory system to carry oxygen, water and
nutrients to their cells.
_____ 8. Arteries, capillaries, and veins are special vessels in plants.
_____ 9. Arteries are so small and thin that water, nutrients, and oxygen can
leave the blood and enter the tissues.
_____ 10. Capillaries are so small and thin that water, nutrients, and oxygen can
leave the blood and enter the tissues.
_____ 11. Carbon dioxide is removed in the gills or lungs.
_____ 12. Carbon dioxide is removed in the kidneys.
_____ 11. Nitrogen waste is removed in the gills or lungs.
_____ 12. Nitrogen waste is removed in the kidneys.
_____ 13. Nitrogen waste is eliminated with solid waste in animals.
_____ 14. Nitrogen waste is eliminated as urine in animals.
Fill in the Blank - One word may be used twice.
circulation
oxygen
sugar
capillaries
nutrients
nitrogenous waste
arteries
phloem
water
carbon dioxide
veins
xylem
1. _______________, ____________________, and _______________ must
be delivered to each cell in an animal’s body.
2. Animals have special vessels to deliver these substances called
______________, _______________________, and
____________________.
3. Plants have special vessels called _______________ and ______________.
4. Phloem moves ______________ from one part of the plant to another part of
the plant.
5. Xylem moves ____________ from one part of the plant to another part of the
plant.
6. Blood takes ______________________ to the kidneys of animals to be
removed.
7. Blood takes _____________________ to the gills or lungs of animals to be
removed.
8. _________________________ is the process that allows multicellular
organisms to move useful substances to their cells and harmful substances
away from their cells.
Answer the Following
1. Describe the purpose of the circulatory system.
2. What are the two types of special circulation vessels (vascular) in plants? What
do they carry?
3. What are the three types of special circulation vessels in animals? How are
they different?
4. How are carbon dioxide and nitrogen wastes removed from animals?
5. Explain how cellular respiration is related to the circulatory and excretory
systems.
Circulation and Excretion in Plants and Animals
Answer Sheet
Question 1. How would you describe the overall function of the circulatory,
excretory, and vascular systems?
Question 2. Compare and contrast the circulatory, excretory, and vascular
systems.
Question 3. What do the organs (heart, blood vessels, blood) found in the
circulatory system do?
Question 4.
system do?
What do the organs (kidneys and lungs) found in the excretory
Question 5. What do the tissues (xylem and phloem) in the vascular system do?
Question 6. What is the main function of the following?
Organ
Function
Heart
Blood
Lungs
Kidney
Gills
Xylem
Phloem
Question 7. Explain how the circulatory system and the excretory system work
together.