Download BIO 1109 PRACTICE Midterm II November 3, 2008 Professor Dr

Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
BIO 1109
PRACTICE Midterm II
November 3, 2008
Professor Dr. Adam Oliver Brown
University of Ottawa
Instructions:
Put your name and student # at the top of each page.
Restrict your answers to the space provided. No
notes, mp3 players or cellphones. Think carefully
before answering and good luck!
DO NOT OPEN THIS EXAM BOOKLET UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO.
DO NOT WRITE BELOW THIS LINE
MARKS:
PART I – Mult Choice
PART II –T/F
PART III – Defn
PART IV – Short Answr
TOTAL
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Name: _________________________
Part I - Multiple Choice:
Student #: __________________________
(1 point each) Circle the letter next to the most correct
answer.
1. Gill pouches in chick, human, and house-cat embryos are an example of:
A. structural homology
B. developmental homology
C. analogy/convergent evolution
D. the inheritance of acquired characters
2. Which of the following is a modern definition of evolution?
A. Evolution is a change in an individual’s ability to survive and reproduce as it grows older.
B. Evolution is a change in allele frequencies in a population over time.
C. Evolution is an increase in the fitness of a population.
D. Evolution is a change in an individual’s fitness over time.
3. Many songbirds breed in North America in the spring and summer, and then migrate to
Central and South America in the fall. They spend the winter in these warmer areas, where
they feed and prepare for the spring migration north and another breeding season. Two
hypothetical species of sparrow, A and B, overwinter together in mixed flocks in Costa Rica.
In spring, species A goes to the east coast of North America, and species B goes to the west
coast. What can you say about the isolating mechanisms of these two species?
A. They must have strong prezygotic or postzygotic isolating mechanisms in order to spend
winter in such close proximity.
B. The two species do not breed in the same area, so they are reproductively isolated by
allopatry.
C. One of the species is probably polyploid, so they are reproductively isolated by genetic
incompatibility.
D. Reinforcement must be occurring when they winter together
4. Which of the following would be least likely in the fossil record?
A. burrowing species
B. marine-dwelling species
C. marsh-dwelling species
D. desert-dwelling species
5. Which of the following did not occur during the Paleozoic era?
A. appearance of the first multicellular organisms
B. diversification of animal lineages
C. a mass extinction at the end of the Permian period
D. appearance and diversification of land plants and fungi
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Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
6. According to the endosymbiosis theory, what type of organism is the ancestor of the
chloroplast?
A. a photosynthetic archaean
B. a cyanobacterium
C. a primitive photosynthetic eukaryote
D. a modified mitochondrion
7. Cutting off the tails of mice over several generations should cause the tails of their offspring to
become shorter, according to the ideas of which of these scientists?
A. Darwin
B. Lamarck
C. Cuvier
D. Lyell
8. Which statement is NOT true about natural selection?
A. Directional selection occurs when one extreme phenotype is favored over another different
extreme phenotype.
B. Stabilizing selection favors an intermediate phenotype over either of the extreme phenotypes.
C. Disruptive selection favors both of the extreme phenotypes over the intermediate phenotype.
D. Directional selection leads to improved selection when the environment remains the same.
E. Disruptive selection leads to polymorphism, favoring different forms of the same species.
9. An insect population lives along the edge of a north-south mountain range. The populations
from the east and west slope eventually join in a low northern pass and interbreed, producing
fertile offspring, but they do not circle around the southern edge because of a desert barrier.
When glaciers move southward, the populations are pushed south of the northern pass and are
isolated. While isolated, the two populations develop enough differences over time that when the
glaciers retreat north and the insects again share the same pass, they no longer mate at the same
time, nor can they produce fertile offspring. Insect populations on the mountain slopes were
A. always allopatric.
B. always sympatric.
C. first allopatric, then sympatric, then allopatric.
D. first sympatric, then allopatric, then sympatric.
E. There is not enough information to determine sympatry or allopatry.
10. Single celled eukaryotic cells belong to which of the following kingdoms?
A. Monera
B. Protista
C. Fungi
D. Animalia
E. Plantae
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Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
Part II - True or False: (1 point each) Indicate whether the following statements are
either true or false by circling the correct word.
1. The evolutionary event that separates the protists from the bacteria and archaea is the
evolution of multicellularity.
True False
2. Charles Darwin was a supporter of the genetic theory of inheritance.
True False
3. Mutations may be more beneficial in fluctuating environments than in stable ones.
True False
4. In a cladistic phylogenetic tree of amniotes, birds would be placed in the own class (Aves).
True False
5. Homoplasies are an example of analogous evolution.
True False
6. Structural homology in the tetrapod forelimb is a strong indicator of descent from a common
ancestor.
True False
7. One of the unifying theories of biology is the theory of evolution.
True False
8. Male birds often perform a special dance or set of physical displays to attract females. This
would be an example of a behavioral isolation mechanism.
True False
9. A reproductive isolation mechanism includes any structural, functional, or behavioral
characteristic that blocks reproductive ability.
True False
10. Endospores form in some types of bacteria and allow the cells to survive under unfavorable
environmental conditions.
True False
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Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
Part III – Definitions: (2 points each) Using complete sentences define or explain the
following terms in your own words.
1. Pre-zygotic mating barrier:
2. Conjugation:
3. Anastomosis:
4. Lignification:
5. Notocord:
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Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
Part IV - Short Answer: (5 points each) Using complete sentences, briefly answer the
following questions in the space provided.
1. Compare and contrast homologous vs. analogous structures.
2. Describe the contexts under which unicellular organisms may alternate between sexual and
asexual reproduction.
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Name: _________________________
Student #: __________________________
3. Describe the movements of solutions within a vascular plant.
4. Explain the statement, “Prokaryotes are a paraphyletic group.”
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