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Review for Compounds, Reactions, Acids & Bases Test Compounds 1. Compounds are made of ______________________ of elements that are _______________________________ together. 2. What are two ways that atoms can be bonded together? (Hint: both have to do with electrons.) 3. Which type of compound is always a solid at room temperature, ionic or covalent? 4. Write a “recipe” for each compound based on its formula. The first one is done as an example. Ca(OH)2 – 1 atom of calcium, 2 atoms of oxygen, 2 atoms of hydrogen MgSO4 – HC2H3O2 – ZnS – C6H12O6 – 5. How do you know if a compound is ionic? 6. Bonds between atoms in a compound store _____________________. 7. Circle the ionic compounds and underline the covalent compounds. NO2 H2O NaCl ZnS CuSO4 CH4 MgCl2 HC2H3O2 KI Chemical Reactions 8. What are the three things a chemical reaction can do to a compound? 9. For each reaction, write “element” or “compound” below each chemical in the equation, then in the blank, write the type of reaction shown (synthesis, decomposition, replacement). The first one is done as an example. 2 H2O2 O2 + 2 H2O Compound Element Decomposition ___________ Compound HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl ___________ Na2CO3 Na2O + CO2 ___________ Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag ___________ 4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3 ___________ Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 ___________ O2 + 2 Mg 2 MgO ___________ 10. Are the reactants on the left or right side of the arrow in an equation? 11. A chemical reaction that gives off heat energy is an _______thermic reaction, while a reaction that absorbs heat from its environment is an _______thermic reaction. Acids & Bases 12. How do acidic foods (like lemons or pickles) usually taste? 13. How do basic foods (like cocoa powder or coffee) usually taste? 14. Circle the acids and underline the bases in the following formulas (some will be neither acid nor base). KOH NH4OH HNO3 Ca(OH)2 CuSO4 NaOH H2SO4 Ba(OH)2 ZnS MgCl2 HCl HC2H3O2 NaCl 15. Which is more likely to react with a piece of metal, an acid or a base? 16. A cleaning solution that takes grease off of countertops has a label that says “contains sodium hydroxide.” Is it an acid or a base? 17. If a solution has a pH of 9, is it an acid or a base? 18. What is a “pH indicator”? Give an example. 19. Carmine the Chemist is working with a chemical called superduper yellow. Her data table is shown below. Write a “rule” that explains how this chemical changes color. pH of test solution Color after adding superduper yellow 0 yellow 2 yellow 4 yellow 6 yellow 7 yellow 8 yellow 10 yellow 12 purple 14 purple 20. Which choice below would be the best use for this chemical? To tell a strong acid from a weak acid To tell an acid from a neutral solution To tell a strong base from a weak base To create a temporary tattoo on your little sister’s face right before picture day. Compounds 1. Compounds are made of __atoms___ of elements that are _______bonded_____ together. 2. What are two ways that atoms can be bonded together? (Hint: both have to do with electrons.) Transfer or share electrons 3. Which type of compound is always a solid at room temperature, ionic or covalent? Ionic 4. Write a “recipe” for each compound based on its formula. The first one is done as an example. Ca(OH)2 – 1 atom of calcium, 2 atoms of oxygen, 2 atoms of hydrogen 1 atom magnesium, 1 atom sulfur, 4 atoms oxygen MgSO4 – 4 atoms hydrogen, 2 atoms carbon, 2 atoms oxygen HC2H3O2 – ZnS – 1 atom zinc, 1 atom sulfur C6H12O6 – 6 atoms carbon, 12 atoms hydrogen, 6 atoms oxygen 5. How do you know if a compound is ionic? It has a metal in it 6. Bonds between atoms in a compound store ____energy____. 7. Circle the ionic compounds and underline the covalent compounds. NO2 H2O NaCl ZnS CuSO4 CH4 MgCl2 HC2H3O2 KI Chemical Reactions 8. What are the three things a chemical reaction can do to a compound? Make, break, or change it 9. For each reaction, write “element” or “compound” below each chemical in the equation, then in the blank, write the type of reaction shown (synthesis, decomposition, replacement). The first one is done as an example. Decomposition ___________ 2 H2O2 O2 + 2 H2O Compound Element Compound Replacement ___________ HCl + NaOH H2O + NaCl Compound Compound Compound Compound Decomposition ___________ Na2CO3 Na2O + CO2 Compound Compound Compound Cu + AgNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + Ag Element Compound Compound Element Synthesis ___________ 4 Fe + 3 O2 2 Fe2O3 Element Element Compound Mg + 2 HCl MgCl2 + H2 Element Compound Compound Element Replacement ___________ Element O2 + 2 Mg 2 MgO Element Replacement ___________ Compound Synthesis ___________ 10. Are the reactants on the left or right side of the arrow in an equation? Left 11. A chemical reaction that gives off heat energy is an _EXOthermic reaction, while a reaction that absorbs heat from its environment is an _ENDOthermic reaction. Acids & Bases 12. How do acidic foods (like lemons or pickles) usually taste? Sour 13. How do basic foods (like cocoa powder or coffee) usually taste? Bitter 14. Circle the acids and underline the bases in the following formulas (some will be neither acid nor base). KOH NH4OH HNO3 Ca(OH)2 CuSO4 NaOH H2SO4 Ba(OH)2 ZnS MgCl2 HCl HC2H3O2 NaCl 15. Which is more likely to react with a piece of metal, an acid or a base? Acid 16. A cleaning solution that takes grease off of countertops has a label that says “contains sodium hydroxide.” Is it an acid or a base? Base 17. If a solution has a pH of 9, is it an acid or a base? Base 18. What is a “pH indicator”? Give an example. A Chemical that changes color in different pH solutions. For example: Litmus, thymol blue, methyl red, indigo carmine, . . . 19. Carmine the Chemist is working with a chemical called superduper yellow. Her data table is shown below. Write a “rule” that explains how this chemical changes color. pH of test solution Color after adding superduper yellow 0 yellow 2 yellow 4 yellow 6 yellow 7 yellow 8 yellow 10 yellow 12 purple 14 purple Superduper yellow turns from yellow to purple at pH 10-12. 20. Which choice below would be the best use for this chemical? To tell a strong acid from a weak acid To tell an acid from a neutral solution To tell a strong base from a weak base To create a temporary tattoo on your little sister’s face right before picture day.