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SCIENCE 1206 Learning Outcomes Unit 1: Life Systems Vocabulary ecosystem herbivores detrivore habitat abiotic ecotone trophic level heterotroph ecological niche bioamplification nitrogen cycle biotic potential permafrost grassland limnetic zone food chain carnivores decomposer biodiversity biotic ecosystem autotroph food web organic substance cellular respiration nitrogen fixation sustainable system active layer clear-cutting plankton producers omnivores decomposer pests population photosynthesis primary consumer thermodynamics inorganic substance carbon cycle nutrients biome boreal forest selective-cutting profundal zone Topic 1: Ecology and Roles in Ecosystems Define and identify an organism as a producer, consumer, decomposer, herbivore, carnivore, omnivore or saprobe consumers detritus saprobe ecology community albedo secondary consumer biomass pesticide peat fertilizers tundra temperate deciduous forest littoral zone oligotrophic Ch 1, p 10-13 Analyze the impact of internal factors on an ecosystem Ch 1, p 10-13 p 13, #1-4(a) Recognize different degrees of at-risk species Ch 1, p 14-15 p 15, #1-2 Recognize the possible causes and effects of extinction Ch 1, p 16-21 p 19, #1-3 Explain the importance of biodiversity to extinction Ch 1, p 16-21 p 21, #1,3 ‘Take a stand’ #1 Understand the concept of ecology Ch 1, p 22-26 Understand how organisms interact within ecosystems Ch 1, p 22-26 Recognize abiotic and biotic factors and explain their role in the ecosystem Ch 1, p 22-26 p 23, #1-6 Core Lab, p 24-26 “A schoolyard ecosystem” and p 26, #1-4 Define ecotone and explain the importance of biodiversity in ecotones Ch 1, p 22-26 Ability to compare abiotic factors and biotic factors across ecosystems Ch 1, p 28-29 Define ecological niche and relate it to habitat Ch 1, p 40-44 Explain the feeding relationships in a food webs and chains in terms of an organisms niche Ch 1, p 40-44 Define and explain intraspecific and interspecific competition Ch 1, p 40-44 Define exotic species and discuss possible effects to the new environment Define symbiosis Ch 1, p 40-44 Not in text Define and give examples of mutualism, parasitism and commensalism Not in text Define succession (primary and secondary) and recognize the factors that contribute to it Not in text Describe a climax community Not in text Case study questions a-j p 29, #1-3 p 44, #1-3 Topic 2:Energy in Ecosystems Recognize the sun as the source of all energy Ch 1, 32-33 Explain how the sun’s energy is reflected and absorbed Ch 1, 32-33 Define albedo effect Ch 1, 32-33 Define trophic level Ch 1, p 34-39 Define and distinguish between autotrophs and heterotrophs and determine their possible trophic levels Ch 1, p 34-39 Define and distinguish between primary and secondary consumers Ch 1, p 34-39 Define and construct a food chain and describe how energy is transferred within it Ch 1, p 34-39 Define food web and explain the importance of biodiversity for food webs Ch 1, p 34-39 Define thermodynamics and explain the Laws of Thermodynamics Ch 1, p 34-39 Define pyramid of energy and explain how energy is transferred and lost at each trophic level Ch 1, p 34-39 Define and understand the pyramid of numbers Define pyramid of biomass and explain how energy available affects the total mass of organisms in an ecosystem Ch 1, p 34-39 Define paradigm and paradigm shift Ch 2, p 52-58 Define pests and pesticides Ch 2, p 52-58 Explain the difference between first, second and third generation pesticides Ch 2, p 52-58 Define bioamplification (bioaccumulation) and know its causes and impacts on trophic levels Ch 2, p 52-58 Explain the effect of DDT on migratory birds Ch 2, p 52-58 Explain how pesticides become ineffective to pests Ch 2, p 52-58 Topic 3: Cycling of Materials in Ecosystems Define and distinguish between organic and inorganic matter Ch 2, p 50-51 p 39, #1-15 Case Study p 51-57 Questions a-s p 58, #1,2,3,5,6,7,9 Explain how matter cycles in an ecosystem Ch 2, p 50-51 p 51, #1,3,5,6 Explain the carbon-oxygen cycle, including the roles of photosynthesis and cellular respiration Ch 2, p 60-61 Case Study, p 60-61 Questions a-k p 61, #4 Know and understand the importance of carbon reservoirs in the carbon cycle Ch 2, p 62-64 Discuss the human impact on the carbon cycle and suggest ways to improve the situation Ch 2, p 62-64 Discuss the effect the carbon cycle has on global warming Ch 2, p 62-64 Know and understand the nitrogen cycle Ch 2, p 66-67 Define nitrogen fixation and explain how it is accomplished by lightning and bacteria Ch 2, p 66-67 Define denitrification and explain its role in the nitrogen cycle Ch 2, p 66-67 p 69, 1-6, 8, 11 Identify the role of fertilizers in providing nutrients in the soil Ch 2, p70-71 p 71, #2,3,4,8 Discuss attitudes toward commercial usage and replanting Ch 2, p 72-73 Understand the effects of deforestation on cycling Ch 2, p 72-73 p 65, #1-5, 7 Case Study p 72-73 Questions a-q Topic 4: Sustainability and Biomes Define sustainability and sustainable system Ch 3, p 86-87 Identify the characteristics and abiotic factors of the four Canadian biomes: tundra; boreal forest; temperate deciduous forest; and grassland Ch 3, p 88-93 Define permafrost and explain its role in determining tundra vegetation Ch 3, p 88-93 Distinguish between clear-cutting and selective-cutting Ch 3, p 114-115 Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in each zone of lakes and ponds: littoral; limnetic; and profundal Ch 4, p 126-127 Explain aquatic eutrophication and the role of oxygen and nitrogen in this process Ch 4, p 126-127 p 131, #1-3, 8, 12 Identify the abiotic and biotic factors in each zone of a marine ecosystem: coastal; intertidal; and neritic Ch 4, p 146-147 p 147, #1-2 Discuss the effect of oil pollution on marine ecosystems Ch 4, p 148-149 p 93, #1-5, 7-9 Core Lab 3.5 or 3.6