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Chapter 19 Atoms 0 Matterisanythingthattakesupspaceandhasmass. Allmatterismadeofatoms. 0 Atomsarethebasicbuildingblocksofmatter.They makeupeverythingaroundus;Yourdesk,theboard, yourbody,everythingismadeofatoms! 0 Atomsaretoosmalltoseewithoutpowerful microscopes. Structure of the Atom 1 Atomic Components • An element is matter that is composed of one type of atom, which is the smallest piece of matter that still retains the property of the element. • Atoms are composed of particles called protons, neutrons, and electrons. Atomic Structure Therearetwobasiccomponentsineveryatom: Nucleus ElectronCloud Subatomic Particles Threesubatomicparticlesmakeupeveryatom: SubatomicParticle Charge Location Proton Positive(+) Nucleusor“Core” Neutron NoCharge(0) Nucleusor“Core” Electron Negative(-) ElectronCloud, OutsideofNucleus Subatomic Particles Nucleusor“Core”: • Protonsand Neutronsarefound inthenucleus. ElectronCloud: • Electronsorbit thenucleus. Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist John Dalton Information Allmatterismadeofatoms. Atomsaretoosmalltosee, indivisibleandindestructible. Allatomsofagivenelement areidentical. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist J.J Thomson Information Discovered the negativeelectron, andpredictedthat therealsomustbe something positive toholdthe electronsinplace. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist J.J Thomson Information Model Discovered the negativeelectron, andpredictedthat therealsomustbe something positive toholdthe electronsinplace. Hereisanotherdrawingofthesameatommodel. Thisoneissimilartotheonepicturedinyourtextbook. Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Ernest Discovered the nucleus of Rutherford anatomandnamedthe positiveparticlesinthe nucleus“protons”. Concludedthatelectrons arescatteredinempty space aroundthenucleus. Model electrons protons Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Information Model Ernest Discovered the nucleus of Rutherford anatomandnamedthe positiveparticlesinthe nucleus“protons”. Concludedthatelectrons arescatteredinempty space aroundthenucleus. Hereisanotherdrawingofthesameatommodel. Thisoneisstraightfromyourtextbook. Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Niels Bohr Information Concludedthat electronsare locatedin planet-like orbits around thenucleusin certainenergy levels. Model Atomic Theory Timeline Scientist Niels Bohr Information Model Concludedthat electronsare locatedin planet-like orbits around thenucleusin certainenergy levels. Hereisanotherdrawingofthesameatommodel. Thisoneisstraightfromyourtextbook. Scientist (ManyScientists!) Information Electronsdonotorbit the The Modern nucleusinneatplanet-like AtomicTheory orbitsbutmoveathigh speedsinanelectroncloud aroundthenucleus. Model Scientist Information (ManyScientists!) Electronsdonotorbit the The Modern nucleusinneatplanet-like AtomicTheory orbitsbutmoveathigh speedsinanelectroncloud aroundthenucleus. Hereisanotherdrawingofthe sameatommodel. Thisoneisstraightfromyour textbook. Model Structure of the Atom 1 Atomic Components • Protons and neutrons are found in a small positively charged center of the atom called the nucleus that is surrounded by a cloud containing electrons. • Protons are particles with an electrical charge of 1+. (+1 Structure of the Atom 1 Atomic Components • Electrons are particles with an electrical charge of 1–. • Neutrons are neutral particles that do not have an electrical charge. (+1 Structure of the Atom 1 Quarks—Even Smaller Particles • Protons and neutrons are made up of smaller particles called quarks. (+1 (+1