Download BIO CP 1) The branch of biology dealing with interactions am

Name _______________________________
Period ____
Date _____________
BIO CP
1) The branch of biology dealing with interactions among organisms and between organisms and
their environment is called
a.
economy.
b.
modeling.
c.
recycling.
d.
ecology.
2) Which of the following descriptions about the organization of an ecosystem is correct?
a.
Communities make up species, which make up populations.
b.
Populations make up species, which make up communities.
c.
Species make up communities, which make up populations.
d.
Species make up populations, which make up communities.
3) The simplest grouping of more than one kind of organism in the biosphere is
a.
a population.
b.
a community.
c.
an ecosystem.
d.
a species.
4) The lowest level of environmental complexity that includes living and nonliving factors is the
a.
biome.
b.
community.
c.
ecosystem.
d.
biosphere.
5) Plants are
a.
primary producers.
b.
primary consumers.
c.
herbivores.
d.
omnivores.
6) How do most primary producers make their own food?
a.
by using light energy to make carbohydrates
b.
by using chemical energy to make carbohydrates
c.
by changing water into carbon dioxide
d.
by breaking down remains to make carbon dioxide
7) Which of the following organisms does NOT require sunlight to live?
a.
chemosynthetic bacteria
b.
algae
c.
trees
d.
photosynthetic bacteria
Figure 3–1
8) The algae at the beginning of the food chain in Figure 3–1 are
a.
primary consumers.
b.
decomposers.
c.
primary producers.
d.
heterotrophs.
9) Based on Figure 3-1 which of the following organisms is a tertiary consumer?
a.
zooplankton
b.
small fishes
c.
shark
d.
squid
10) In which way are plants in a sunny mountain meadow and sulfur bacteria in a deep-sea volcanic
vent alike?
a.
They both use photosynthesis to make their own food.
b.
They both produce carbohydrates and oxygen.
c.
They both use chemosynthesis to produce their own food.
d.
They both produce carbon and hydrogen.
11) All the interconnected feeding relationships in an ecosystem make up a food
a.
interaction.
b.
chain.
c.
network.
d.
web.
12) The total amount of living tissue within a given trophic level is called the
a.
organic mass.
b.
trophic mass.
c.
energy mass.
d.
biomass.
13) What is an ecological model of the relationships that form a network of complex feeding
interactions among organisms in a community from producers to decomposers?
a.
food web
b.
ecosystem
c.
food chain
d.
population
14) What animals eat both producers and consumers?
a.
herbivores
b.
omnivores
c.
chemotrophs
d.
autotrophs
15) What is the term for each step in the transfer of energy and matter within a food web?
a.
energy path
b.
food chain
c.
trophic level
d.
food pyramid
16) Only 10 percent of the energy stored in an organism can be passed on to the next trophic level.
Of the remaining energy, some is used for the organism’s life processes, and the rest is
a.
used in reproduction.
b.
stored as body tissue.
c.
stored as fat.
d.
eliminated as heat.
17) A word that means the same thing as consumer is
a.
producer.
b.
autotroph.
c.
heterotroph.
d.
carbohydrate.
18) Animals that get energy by eating the carcasses of other animals that have been killed by
predators or have died of natural causes are called
a.
scavengers.
b.
omnivores.
c.
heterotrophs.
d.
detritivores.
19) Each of the following is an abiotic factor in the environment EXCEPT
a.
plant life.
b.
soil type.
c.
rainfall.
d.
temperature.
20) What is at the base of all ecological pyramids?
a.
consumers
b.
decomposers
c.
producers
d.
scavengers
Figure 3–4
21) Which of the following is a food chain in the food web shown in Figure 3–4?
a.
tree, rabbit, hawk, snake
b.
grass, grasshopper, snake, hawk
c.
grass, caterpillar, robin, hawk
d.
tree, deer, mountain lion, fox
22) The number of different species in the biosphere or in a particular area is called
a.
biodiversity.
b.
ecosystem diversity.
c.
genetic diversity.
d.
species diversity.
23) What is meant by a “natural library” of genetic information in reference to biodiversity?
a.
The biodiversity of plants and animals is interesting to read about.
b.
All living organisms contain genetic information that humans can research.
c.
Species provide humans with many useful products to enhance our lives.
d.
We have much to admire in the many forms of life that surround us.
24) Introduced species can threaten biodiversity because they can
a.
cause desertification.
b.
cause biological magnification.
c.
out compete native species.
d.
reduce the amount of fertile land.
25) The goals of biodiversity conservation include all of the following EXCEPT
a.
protecting individual species
b.
introducing exotic species into new environments.
c.
preserving habitats and ecosystems.
d.
making sure local people benefit from conservation efforts.
Modified True/False
Indicate whether the statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
statement true.
26) An ecologist who is studying a group of ecosystems that have similar climates and are home to
similar organisms is studying a community. _________________________
27) Producers release carbon dioxide into the atmosphere during the process of photosynthesis.
_________________________
28) Only about 10 percent of the energy in a trophic level is available to organisms at the next trophic
level. _________________________
29) Oxygen is important for ecosystems because it is used by plants during photosynthesis.
_________________________
30) Biodiversity is important to humankind because we are part of it and are dependent upon it for
our own survival. _________________________
Completion
Complete each statement.
31) Autotrophs capture energy from sunlight or ____________________ to produce food.
32) Organisms that break down organic matter and return it to the environment are called
____________________.
33) In a four-level energy pyramid, if the first level contains 5000 calories of energy, the third level
will contain approximately ____________________ calories.
34) If you were walking in a forest and identified a group of organisms like red oak, white maple
tree, earthworms, squirrels, and deer than you would be looking at a ___________________.
35) If you noticed all the abiotic and biotic factors living and part of one area in New Jersey you
would be looking at an __________________________.
Short Answer
Figure 3–6
36) List three abiotic and biotic objects found in Figure 3-6.
Figure 3–8
37) Interpret Visuals In Figure 3–8, how many first-level consumers are there for each producer?
38) Interpret Visuals In Figure 3–8, how many second-level consumers are there for each producer?
39) Interpret Visuals In Figure 3-8, give one connection between the corn, carrots, flowering shrub,
and tree.
Figure 6–6
Existing Species and Endangered Organisms
Table I. How Many Species Are There?
Groups of Species
Number
Plants
250,000
Roundworms
more than 15,000
Mollusks
50,000–200,000
Crustaceans
40,000
Spiders, mites
75,000
Insects
more than 1,000,000
Vertebrates
60,000
Table II. Organisms Listed as Endangered in the United States
Type of Organisms
Number of Endangered Species
Mammals
63
Birds
78
Reptiles
14
Amphibians
10
Fishes
70
Snails
20
Clams
61
Crustaceans
18
Insects
33
Spiders
12
Flowering plants
565
Conifers
2
Ferns and other plants
24
40) Interpret Tables According to Table I in Figure 6–6, which group has more species diversity:
plants or animals? Support your answer with data from the table.
41) Compare and Contrast Which group in Figure 6–6, Table I is the most diverse?
42) Interpret Tables Which group in Figure 6–6, Table II has the most endangered species?
43) Predict After 10 years, if conservation efforts to protect entire ecosystems succeed, how would
Table II in Figure 6–6 likely change?
44) Interpret Tables Based on the information found in Table 1 of Figure 6-6, create a three trophic
level energy pyramid.