Download Genetics Review - Answers.notebook

Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
GENETICS UNIT REVIEW 1. a) The sequence of stages during meiosis is: b) Explain what is happening during each stage and draw a diagram. 2. How many cell divisions occur in meiosis? 3. The purpose of meiosis is to: 4. Which two things that occur during meiosis help increase genetic diversity? 5. If a sperm cell contains 18 chromosomes, a muscle cell from the same organism will contain how many chromosomes? 1
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
6. A typical male will have what sex chromosomes? 7. A typical female will have what sex chromosomes? 8. Explain what aneuploidy is. 9. What is non­disjunction and when does it occur? Draw a diagram to help you explain. 10. The genetic disorder which causes Down Syndrome is due to: 11. The genetic disorder which causes Turner’s Syndrome is due to: 12. In the cross of Tt x Tt, the proportion of the offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents is 13. In a cross of TT x tt, the proportion of the offspring that will have the same genotype as the parents is 2
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
True and False ______ 1. Homozygous is when there are two different alleles of the same gene __ ___ 2. All daughter cells produced by meiosis are genetically identical to the parent. ______ 3. The cell membrane controls cell division ______ 4. In humans, the number of chromosomes in sex cells is 46 ______ 5. Meiosis is the process by which gametes are formed __ ___ 6. Chromosomes that are not sex chromosomes are referred to as body cells ______ 7. Down Syndrome is an example of when a mistake occurs in mitosis ___ __ 8. Mitosis produces cells that are different from one another ______ 9. In humans, the number of chromosomes in body cells is 23 ______ 10. The phenotype if the “appearance” of the organism ______11. The genotype is determined by the phenotype ______12. The purpose of mitosis is for reproduction, growth and repair Matching Match the following terms on the right with the proper definition on the left. A. gene ______ parent generation B. pure ______ male gametes C. P generation ____ __ another term for homozygous D. F generation ____ __ the trait that shows up in offspring 1
E. dominant trait ___ ___ two of these make up a genotype F. recessive trait ___ ___ contains DNA G. hybrid ___ ___ when both alleles for a trait are different H. Punnett square ___ ___ female gametes I. egg cells ___ ___ when both alleles for a trait are the same J. sperm cells ____ __ another term for heterozygous K. homozygous __ ____ the first offspring generation L. heterozygous __ ___ the trait that may remain “hidden” M. allele ___ ___ used to determine genotypes and phenotypes 3
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
Short Answer 1. What was Gregor Mendel’s contributions to genetics and what plant did he first use ? 2. In rabbits, the allele for black hair is dominant (B). (3 marks) a) What genotype would a heterozygous black haired rabbits have? __________ b) What genotype would a pure­breeding black haired rabbits have? __________ c) What genotype would a white haired rabbits have? ___________ 4
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
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Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
Short Answer 3. In rabbits, the allele for black hair is dominant to white hair. Determine the phenotypes and genotypes of the offspring of a homozygous black hair with a heterozygous black hair. Show all steps. 6
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
Short Answer 4. The allele for widow’s peak in humans is dominant to the allele for smooth hairline. a) Can two smooth hairline parents have children with widow’s peaks ? Explain with a Punnett square. b) Can two widowed peaked parents have children with smooth hairlines? Explain with a Punnett square. 7
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
5. In beet plants, long beet shape is incompletely dominant to round beet shape. The heterzygote is oval. If plant producing round beets are crossed with plants producing oval beets, what are the genotypic and phenotypic ratios of the offspring? 8
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
6. A woman with type AB blood marries a man with type B blood. The man’s parents are type B and type O. What are the possible phenotypic and genotypic ratios of their children? 9
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
7. Hemophilia is an x linked recessive trait. A woman who a carrier for hemophilia has children with a normal (non­hemophiliac) man. What will be the genotypes and phenotypes of their offspring be? Will any of their offspring have haemophilia? 10
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
8. The following pedigree shows the incidence of albinism in a family. It is an autosomal recessive genetic disorder. Determine genotypes for as many family members as you can. 11
Genetics Review ­ Answers.notebook
November 28, 2016
9. An individual’s karyotype is shown on the left. a) State their sex. [1 mark] b) Specify the type of chromosomal abnormality. [1 mark] c) State the name of this genetic disorder. [1 mark] 12