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Kingdom Plantae:
General Characteristics
Kingdom Plantae
Plants are thought to have evolved from
simpler algae-like ancestors.
Plants are multi-cellular, photosynthetic
organisms that are adapted primarily for
life on land.
Biology 20
They all have the same kinds of
chlorophyll (photosynthetic pigments), the
same food-storage molecule (starch) and
cell walls made of cellulose.
Many plants show alternation of
generations.
Kingdom Plantae:
General Characteristics, cont’d
Vascular & Non-Vascular Plants
Generally, plants include mosses,
conifers, ferns and flowering plants.
One of the groups that make up Kingdom
Plantae is called a “Division”, not a
“Phylum.”
Plants can be divided into two groups:
– Vascular – have a “circulatory system” for
water and nutrients
– Non-vascular
Vascular Tissue – tube-like
structures that conduct water and
nutrients in a plant
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Bryophytes: General
Characteristics
Bryophytes: General
Characteristics
The transport of materials through the
plant takes place by absorption.
Bryophytes must live where water is
plentiful, such as forest floors, damp
rocks, swamps and streams.
•Non-vascular land plants that have no
specialized conducting tissue.
•Spores: Tiny reproductive bodies enclosed in
a protective capsule until they find the right
conditions to break open and grow.
Hornworts
Have little supporting tissues and most
are short, ranging from one to five
centimeters in height.
Liverworts
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Mosses
Seedless Vascular Plants:
General Characteristics
Have vascular tissue:
– Xylem – transports water upwards from roots.
– Phloem – transports liquid rich with nutrients
from photosynthesis to all parts of plant.
Do not form seeds – reproduce by spores.
Have true roots, stems and leaves.
Ferns
Fern Life Cycle
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Whisk Ferns
Clubmosses & Quillworts
Horsetails
Gymnosperms (Cone bearers):
General Characteristics
Cones contain seeds – no need for water
for reproduction.
Often have needle leaves that remain
green throughout the year so
photosynthesis continues while
conserving water.
Sperm delivered to egg via pollen.
Includes conifers, ginkgoes, cycads,
gnetophytes.
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Conifers
Conifer Life Cycle
Cycads
Ginkoes
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Angiosperms:
General Characteristics
Angiosperms – A Flower
Flowering plants. Flowers are
reproductive organs.
Seeds are enclosed within fruits.
Can be woody or herbacious.
Annual, biennial or perennial
lifespans.
Divided into 2 groups:
– Monocots – one seed leaf (cotyledon)
– Dicots – two seed leaves (cotyledons)
Angiosperm Life Cycle
Types of Fruits
Fleshy
Dry
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Monocots
Dicots
The End
Refer to text sections
–22-2 pg. 556
–22-3 pg. 560
–22-4 pg. 564
–22-5 pg. 569
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