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Transcript
Kingdom Plantae: General Characteristics Kingdom Plantae Plants are thought to have evolved from simpler algae-like ancestors. Plants are multi-cellular, photosynthetic organisms that are adapted primarily for life on land. Biology 20 They all have the same kinds of chlorophyll (photosynthetic pigments), the same food-storage molecule (starch) and cell walls made of cellulose. Many plants show alternation of generations. Kingdom Plantae: General Characteristics, cont’d Vascular & Non-Vascular Plants Generally, plants include mosses, conifers, ferns and flowering plants. One of the groups that make up Kingdom Plantae is called a “Division”, not a “Phylum.” Plants can be divided into two groups: – Vascular – have a “circulatory system” for water and nutrients – Non-vascular Vascular Tissue – tube-like structures that conduct water and nutrients in a plant 1 Bryophytes: General Characteristics Bryophytes: General Characteristics The transport of materials through the plant takes place by absorption. Bryophytes must live where water is plentiful, such as forest floors, damp rocks, swamps and streams. •Non-vascular land plants that have no specialized conducting tissue. •Spores: Tiny reproductive bodies enclosed in a protective capsule until they find the right conditions to break open and grow. Hornworts Have little supporting tissues and most are short, ranging from one to five centimeters in height. Liverworts 2 Mosses Seedless Vascular Plants: General Characteristics Have vascular tissue: – Xylem – transports water upwards from roots. – Phloem – transports liquid rich with nutrients from photosynthesis to all parts of plant. Do not form seeds – reproduce by spores. Have true roots, stems and leaves. Ferns Fern Life Cycle 3 Whisk Ferns Clubmosses & Quillworts Horsetails Gymnosperms (Cone bearers): General Characteristics Cones contain seeds – no need for water for reproduction. Often have needle leaves that remain green throughout the year so photosynthesis continues while conserving water. Sperm delivered to egg via pollen. Includes conifers, ginkgoes, cycads, gnetophytes. 4 Conifers Conifer Life Cycle Cycads Ginkoes 5 Angiosperms: General Characteristics Angiosperms – A Flower Flowering plants. Flowers are reproductive organs. Seeds are enclosed within fruits. Can be woody or herbacious. Annual, biennial or perennial lifespans. Divided into 2 groups: – Monocots – one seed leaf (cotyledon) – Dicots – two seed leaves (cotyledons) Angiosperm Life Cycle Types of Fruits Fleshy Dry 6 Monocots Dicots The End Refer to text sections –22-2 pg. 556 –22-3 pg. 560 –22-4 pg. 564 –22-5 pg. 569 7