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ANIMAL NUTRITION Answer the following questions completely. 1. _______________ is secreted to moisten food, protect the mouth from abrasions. 2. Carbohydrate digestion begins with the enzyme ___________________________. 3. The _______________________ is commonly called the throat. 4. Choking is prevented by a flap in the pharynx called the _________________________. 5. The _____________________connects the pharynx and the stomach. 6. _________________or wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles push food down toward the stomach. 7. The ______________________is a J shaped expandable organ located on the left side of the abdominal cavity. 8. It has a pH of around ______________. 9. The zymogemn in the stomach is called _______________________. 10. It is activated by a chemical called __________________________. 11. The hormone __________________ is secreted by the stomach cells to regulate the production of gastric juices. 12. Most hydrolysis of macromolecules occur in the ________________________. 13. It is divided into 3 sections __________________________, _______________________, and _________________________. 14. The accessory digestive organs are the __________________________, _____________________, and the ___________________________. 15. As the acid chyme enters the duodenum a hormone called _____________________ is released from the intestinal walls to signal the pancreas to release a bicarbonate solution which neutralizes the acid. 16. The hormone ____________________________ is released from the intestinal cells causing the gall bladder to release bile. 17. The hormone ___________________________________ is secreted to slow down peristalsis. 18. ________________, ______________________, and __________________________ are enzymes that break down proteins into their amino acids. 19. ____________________ is a chemical that emulsifies fat. 20. The enzyme ______________________ can now finish fat digestion due to the enlarges surface area that was produced. 21. ________________________ digestion is under the control of the enzymes maltase, lactase, sucrase. 22. The lining of the _____________________ has a surface area of 600m2 , about the size of a baseball diamond. 23. Large folds are decorated with finger like projections called _______________, and each of the epithelial cells has many microscopic appendages called ________________________. 24. The nutrients, except fat, are absorbed into the capillaries, while the fat enters the ________________. 25. All the contents of the blood enter the liver via the ________________. The liver regulates the contents of the blood. 26. The ______________________ is connected to the small intestine at a T-shaped junction where a blind pouch called the cecum is found. 27. The function of the colon is to _______________________________________________________. Digestive System 1. ________________ and _________________ are the two types of digestion that can take place in the mouth. 2._____________ is produced by the mouth to moisten food and protect the mouth from abrasions. 3. Carbohydrate digestion begins in the mouth with the enzyme ______________ ___________________. 4. The pharynx is the area behind the mouth where the __________________ or the opening to the lungs is located. 5. The _________________ is a flap that closes the glottis when the act of swallowing occurs. 6. The ______________ is a long tube that connects the pharynx and the stomach. 7. _______________ or wavelike contractions of the smooth muscles push food down toward the stomach. 8. The stomach's epithelial cells secrete ________________ juices and the enzyme ____________________. 9. Most digestion of macromolecules occur in the _____________ intestine. 10. The small intestine is divided into 3 sections : ____________________, ____________________, and ____________________. 11. The ____________________ is an accessory organ that produces bile. 12. ____________________ is an enzyme that break down protein into to specific amino acids. 13. The small intestine contains finger like projections called ______________. 14. Fatty substances enter the ___________________, of the villus, along with other materials too large to enter the capillaries. 15. All the contents of the blood enter the liver through the ______________ portal vein. 16. The large intestine is connected to the small intestine at a T-shaped junction where a blind pouch called the ________________ is found. 17. The function of the colon is to ______________________ water from the unused food. 18. The bacterium ___ ________ produces odoriferous gases such as methane and hydrogen sulfide, while others produce vitamin K. 19. The __________________________is the number of calories needed by an organism to fuel its basic living processes. 20. The fat soluble vitamins are: ___________________________, while the water soluble vitamins are: ________________________________________. Matching: Match up the word with the statement that best completes it. ______ 21. The opening to the esophagus. a. glottis ______ 22. Digests proteins b. appendix ______ 23. finger-like projection c. lipase ______ 24. opening to the lungs d. tongue ______ 25. digests fat e. gullet ______ 26. Needed for taste f. amylase ______27. Found in the mouth g. trypsin