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Section 1 Key Term Learning Behaviorism Associative learning Observational learning Classical conditioning Unconditioned Stimulus (UCS) Unconditioned Response (UCR) Neutral stimulus Conditioned stimulus (CS) Conditioned response (CR) Acquisition Generalization Table Introduction Chapter 8 Definition Analogy Permanent change in behavior due to experience According to John B. Watson, a If you can’t see it; you can’t perspective of psychology that measure it suggests studies should be based on scientific and observable behavior Associating events in the environment Associating thunder/ lightning- you with certain behavioral responses hear thunder expect to see lightning According to Albert Bandura, learning through observing the consequences and rewards of others According to Ivan Pavlov, a type of Electrical fence example learning where a neutral stimulus is able to causes a response through association with a natural stimulus which already causes a response Classical conditioning term U in UCS stands for U don’t have concerning a stimulus which naturally to learn this- it automatically and automatically causes a response happens/ shock Classical conditioning term U in UCR stands for U don’t have concerning a response that is naturally to learn this- it automatically and automatically caused by an happens/ dog yelping unconditioned stimulus A stimulus that does not elicit or N for neutral stands for N for cause a response NOTHING- neutral stimulus does nothing / tone Classical conditioning- association The C stands for “C” what I have learning of a former neutral stimulus LEARNED/ tone paired with shock with an unconditioned stimulus that CONDITIONED MEANS will now cause a conditioned response LEARNED Classical conditioning term of learned The C stands for “C” what I have response caused by a conditioned learned/ dog yelping to the sound of stimulus which was formally a neutral the tone stimulus CONDITIONED MEANS LEARNED The learning process of presenting a The dog is acquiring or learning neutral stimulus before an that every time it hears a tone it unconditioned stimulus resulting in expects to get a shock- after the dog the neutral stimulus being associated hears the tone it is continued to be with the unconditioned stimulus now walked over the electrical fence causing a learned response or receiving a shock- the tone predicts conditioned response for the dog that it will get a shock The tendency for other stimuli generally similar to the original conditioned stimulus to also cause the conditioned response “Generally speaking the stimulus is similar to the original conditioned stimulus Section 1 Discrimination Extinction Spontaneous recovery Reconditioning Aversive conditioning Table Introduction An organism’s ability to distinguish between other stimuli and the conditioned stimulus through the conditioned response not being displayed Suppressing the conditioned response through not presenting the unconditioned stimulus after the conditioned stimulus The reappearance after a period of time of the conditioned response to the conditioned stimulus Reintroducing the unconditioned stimulus after extinction resulting in a quick relearning of the conditioned stimulus/response associating Type of counterconditioning which associates an unpleasant feeling with an unwanted behavior Conditioned emotions John B. Watson and Rosalie Rayner demonstrated that emotions can be classically conditioned Second-order conditioning Associating the conditioned stimulus with a new neutral stimulus allowing this neutral stimulus to also cause the conditioned response Habituation When a behavior is no longer displayed or exhibited with the continuous presence of a stimuli Chapter 8 The dog can discriminate between the tones because the tones are too DIFFERENT The E in extinction stands for ELIMINATE the CS-UCS association Spontaneous recovery is the result of the CR being displayed again Reconditioning is the process of REINTRODUCING the UCS being given after the CS AGAIN Aversive means BAD or NEGATIVE- people who get sick (unwanted feeling) when they drink alcohol (unwanted behavior) may not drink alcohol again Little albert Loud noise (UCS) = fear (UCR) White rat= NS + loud noise (UCS) White rat (CS) = fear (CR Food (UCS) automatically causes salivation (UCR) NS= bell/ Bell + food= bell (CS) causing salivation (CR) Flashing light (NS) + Bell (CS) = flashing light (CS) causing salivation (CR) Sensory adaptation is senses adapting to an unchanging stimulus Habituation is behavior adapting to an unchanging stimulus like living by an airport Section 1 Table Introduction Chapter 8 ___ 1. An event or a stimulus that produces or elicits an automatic or unlearned response. A) Extinction ___ 2. An automatic or unlearned response/ reaction that is preceded by an unconditioned stimulus. B) Spontaneous recovery ___ 3. A stimulus that does not elicit a response prior to learning. C) Discrimination ___ 4. An original neutral stimulus that has been paired repeatedly with an unconditioned stimulus that now causes a learned or conditioned response. D) Generalization ___ 5. A response or reaction elicited by a conditioned stimulus. E) Neutral stimulus ___ 6. The tendency for a conditioned response to be elicited or caused by similar stimuli compared to the original conditioned stimulus. F) Unconditioned response (UCR) ___ 7. The ability to distinguish between the conditioned stimulus (CS) and similar stimuli that are not associated with the unconditioned stimulus and do not cause a conditioned response. G) Second or higher-order conditioning ___ 8. Refers to a second or new neutral stimulus that is associated with a conditioned stimulus that now also causes the conditioned response. H) Conditioned stimulus ___ 9. Occurs when a conditioned stimulus no longer elicits a conditioned response after repeated parings without the unconditioned stimulus. ___ 10. Through the process of reconditioning or quick reintroduction of the unconditioned stimulus the abrupt return of the CS-CR association. I) Unconditioned stimulus (UCS) J) Conditioned response Section 1 Table Introduction Answer Key 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. I F E H J D C G A B Chapter 8