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1 Objectives in Geomorphology & Oceanography Authors Dr. Mrs. N. N. Chakradeo Dr. S. S. Maske HOD & Associate Professor Assistant Professor Department of Geography Department of Geography Sangameshwar College, Solapur Sangameshwar College, Solapur Lumbini Publication, Solapur 2 Objectives in Geomorphology & Oceanography Dr. Mrs. N. N. Chakradeo Dr. S. S. Maske Publisher Lumbini Publication, Solapur C -11, Jai-Jui Nagar New RTO Road Solapur- 413004 © – Dr. Mrs. N. N. Chakradeo First Edition -2015 Rs. 50/- 3 PREFACE Geography is a dynamic science. It studies the man and nature relationship. Geomorphology and Oceanography are the branches of geography which study the morphology of the earth. It is very interesting to know the evolution of our earth. The nature has provided this gift to us, which we are using for betterment of man to fulfill his growing needs. It is necessary to get a scientific knowledge of Geomorphology and Oceanography its importance. This book can be referred as a reference book by the students at under graduate and post graduate levels and even for various competitive examinations like NET, SET, MPSC, UPSC etc. It is our pleasure to thank Honorable Ms. H. M. Kadadi Chairman and Shri. D. A. Kadadi, Secretary Shri Sangameshwar Education Society for their constant encouragement for writing this book. I am thankful to Dr. D. D. Pujari, Principal Sangameshwar College, Solapur for his support and suggestions in the task. I am thankful to Dr. R. J. Moharkar for his valuable suggestions. We are also thankful to Ms. Renuka Kurle, Mr. Shirish Jadhav and Mr. Ganesh More for their support. It is our duty to thank Mr. Vishwas and Lumbini Publications for supporting to publish this work. Any suggestions from the readers and the teachers are welcome for improvement. Dr. Ms. N. N. Chakradeo Dr. S. S. Maske 4 Index Sr No Content 1 Geomorphology- Objectives 2 Oceanography- Objectives 3 Geomorphology – Answer Key 4 Oceanography- Answer Key 5 Bibliography Page No 5 GEOMORPHOLOGY 1. The science which studies evolution of landform is known as ____. A) Geomorphology B) Climatology C) Hydrology D) Pedology 2. The world lithosphere means __________ sphere. A) Rock B) Minerals C) Elements D) Sediments 3. The world _______ means rock sphere. A) Hydrosphere B) Atmosphere, C) Lithosphere D) Biosphere) 4. According to modern geographers the earth has ________ shape. A) Sphere B) Apple C) Pear D) Geoid 5. A down faulted area is called as _____. A) U shaped valley B) Graben C) V shaped valley D) Gorge 6. _______ and Moulten have suggested the Planetismal hypothesis in 1905. A) Kant B) Laplace C) Russel D) Chemberlin 7. Chemberlin and Moulten have suggested the _______hypothesis in 1905. 6 A) Planetismal B) Binary star C) Nebular D) Gases 8. E. Suess has identified _________ number of layers bellow the outer thin layer of sedimentation. A) Two B) Three C) Four D) Five 9. _______has identified three layers bellow the outer thin layer of sedimentation. A) Kant B) Laplace C) Russel D) E. Suess 10. Igneous rocks are also called as ______ rock. A) Primary B) Secondary C) Tertiary D) Quaternary 11. ________rocks are also called as primary rock. A) Sedimentary B) Metamorphic C) Igneous D) Marble) 12. _________ waves provide authentic information about the earth’s interior. A) Electromagnetic B) Sea C) Seismic D) Sound 13. _________ is an example of active volcano. A) Visuvious B) Katmai 7 C) Aniakchak D) Stromboli 14. Most of the young mountains have their origin due to ______ activities. A) Folding B) Faulting C) Depositional D) Erositional 15. Binary star hypothesis of the earth’s origin was postulated by ________. A) Kant B) Laplace C) Russel D) Jeams 16. The lower limit of the crust is a discontinuity layer known as _______ discontinuity. A) Moho B) Gutenberg C) Canard D) Oldham 17. Orogenetic forces are responsible for _________ movements of the crust. A) Vertified B) Horizontal C) Erosional D) Transportyation 18. Fumeroles are related with _________ activity. A) Earthquake B) Weathering C) Denudation D) Volcanic 19. In case of an earthquake ______ waves reach last to the observes. A) Primary B) Secondary C) Surface D) Sound 20. Rain water is mainly responsible for _______ weathering. 8 A) Mechanical B) Chemical C) Biotic D) Physical 21. The word weathering means ________ rocks. A) Disintegration B) Deposition C) Erosion D) Transporatation 22. There are sequential changes in landform through ______. A) Time B) Space C) Structure D) Process 23. Yardang is a ________ land form produces by wind. A) Depositional B) Erosional C) Transportation D) Chemical 24. ________is an depositional land form produces by wind. A) Yardang B) Zeuzen C) Mushroom Rock D) Barkhan 25. Human settlements are scattered in _____ areas. A) Mountains B) Plain C) Plateau D) Coasts 26. Geomorphology is a branch of _________ geography. A) Human B) Economic C) Social 9 D) Physical 27. Geomorphology is defined as a________ description and analysis of landscape and the process that change them. A) Systematic B) Sturdy C) Dynamic D) Unscientific 28. The continents and oceans are considered as _____ order relief featurs. A) First B) Second C) Third D) Fifth 29. R. E. Horton (1945) introduced __________ techniques in geomorphology. A) Descriptive B) Qualitative C) Quantitative D) Technical 30. James Hotton (1788) observed the ______of the earth’s history. A) Polycyclic B) Geographical cycle C) Natural cycle) D) Cyclic nature 31. C. F. Duttan used the term ________. A) Isostasy B) Equilibrium C) Erosion D) Cyclic nature 32. Complexity of geomorphic evolution is more common than ________. A) Common B) Generalization C) Simplicity D) Complex 10 33. Landscape produced due to completion of several cycles of erosion is called as ________ cyclic landscapes. A) More than two B) One C) Zero D) Poly 34. Little of the earth’s topography is older than________. A) Tertiary B) Quaternary C) Archean D) Era 35. Most of the earth topography is not older than _________. A) Pleistocene B) Miocene C) Holocene D) Cenerozoic 36. Each climatic type produces _________characteristic assemblage of landforms. A) Same B) Its own C) Similar D) Equal 37. The satellite studies have revealed the average density of the earth as ______ gm3. A) 5.51 B) 5.85 C) 5.17 D) 4.71 38. The density of the _____of the earth is highest of all parts of the earth. A) Lower Mantle B) Crust C) Upper Mantle D) Core 39. The asthenosphere has temperature around _______. A) 11000 C 11 B) 22000C C) 43000C D) 66000C 40. There is gradual flow of _____from the inner part of the earth to is outer part. A) Gas B) Water C) Heat D) Solid material 41. Seismology is the sciences which studies various aspects of __________ waves. A) Electric B) Seismic C) Magnetic D) Current 42. _________identified intermediate layer with average density there inside the earth. A) Moho B) James C) Conarad D) Gutenberg 43. _______studied the chemical composition of the earth’s interior. A) Kant B) Laplace C) Russel D) E. Suess 44. Weichert-Gutenberg discontinuity is present at the depth of ________ Km. below the surface of the earth. A) 2900 B) 2400 C) 3400 D) 4400 45. The horizontal displacement of the continents theory was firstly putforth by _______in 1910. A) G. Taylor B) F. B. Taylor C) E. Suess 12 D) Haget 46. The term ‘Plate’ first used by Canadian geophysicist _______. A) Watson B) Haget C) G. taylor D) J.T. Wilson 47. The term ______ first used by Canadian geophysicist J.T. Wilson. A) Land B) Continent C) Plate D) Ocean 48. Vine & Mattheus conducted the magnetic survey of _______ ocean in 1963. A) Indian B) Pacific C) Atlantic D) Southern 49. New basaltic crust is continuously formed along the ______ridges. A) Continental shelf B) Island C) Ocean deep D) Mid oceanic 50. According to Sir Georg Airy, ________ is floating in sima. A) Sial B) Sima C) Nife D) Crust 51. According to Pratt, there is a level of _________ below which there is no change in density. A) Compliments B) Compensation C) Comparison D) Isostacy 52. According to _______there is a level of compensation below which there is no change in density. 13 A) Air B) Vine C) Pratt D) Mattheus 53. The concept of isostacy by ____ is based on uniform depth with varing density. A) Airy B) Partt C) Hayford D) E. Suess 54. According to Hayford & Bowie there is an inverse relationship between the height of columns of the crust & their respective_______. A) Width B) Mass C) Densities D) Length 55. A. Holmes, & D. L. Holmes have explained ________as equal weight along the level of equal pressure. A) Isostacy B) Level C) Compensation D) Densities 56. _______explains the reason of gradual rising of mountains and gradual subsidence of the continents. A) Compensation B) Densities C) Isostacy D) Level 57. Isostacy explains the reason of gradual _______of mountains and gradual subsidence of the continents. A) Rising B) Subsiding C) Constant D) Movement 14 58. The 99% of the elements of the rocks are only _____in number. A) Nine B) Two C) Five D) Eight 59. Wall like formation of solidified magma is represented by_______. A) Dykes B) Vent C) Besalt D) Stock 60. __________rocks are also called as stratified rocks. A) Sedimentary B) Igneous C) Metamorphic D) Intrusive 61. Karst topography is associated with ________chalk rock. A) Silicate B) Carbonate C) Magnetite D) Sulphat 62. Diastrophic forces related with _____interior forces. A) Horizontal B) Vertical C) Deep D) Shallow 63. The ______limb of a fold is called as Napple. A) Strong B) Weak C) Ideal D) Broken 64. The ______is defined as a fracture in the crustal rock. A) Joint B) Fold 15 C) Fault D) Napple 65. Rift vally formation is a result of_____. A) Folding B) Faulting C) Bending D) Cracking 66. The term _______covers all the process in which molten rock material rises to the crust. A) Earthquake B) Isostacy C) Volcanicity D) Diastrophism 67. There is a close relationship between plate margins and ______. A) Volcanicity B) Earthquake C) Isostacy D) Diastrophism 68. Vally of ten thousand smokes is present in ______. A) Canada B) England C) Australia D) Alaska 69. ______mountains are the youngest mountains on the earth surface. A) Faulting B) Folded C) Bending D) Rresidual 70. Kober’s theory of _____is based on forces of contraction due to cooling of the earth. A) Plate tectonic B) Conventional current C) Geosynclines D) Continental drift 71. Jeffrey based this theory of mountains systems origin on ______reasoning. 16 A) Mathematical B) Logical C) Analytical D) Quantitative 72. Joly’s theory is known as _____cycle theory. A) Tetrahedral B) Thermal C) Geosynclines D) Plate 73. The ______products are more in equilibrium with new conditions. A) Erosion B) Volcanicity C) Weathering D) Isostacy 74. Chelation is related with _________weathering by plants. A) Chemical B) Physical C) Biological D) Mechanical 75. Freezing of water in the rock joints cause _____ weathering. A) Chemical B) Physical C) Biological D) Mechanical 76. Freezing of water in the rock ______cause physical weathering. A) Crestline B) Bends C) Gaps D) Joints 77. Termites play very important role in _____ weathering. A) Water B) Soil C) Rock 17 D) Silt 78. Burrowing animals destroy the ______horizons. A) Water B) Soil C) Rock D) Silt 79. Movement of rock waste bock down the slopes is called as_____. A) Weathering B) Erosion C) Transportation D) Mass movement 80. Foot hill deposition of rock debris due to mass movement is called as _______. A) Talus B) Morinetalus C) Affifans D) Morine 81. Foot hill deposition of rock debris due to mass movement is called as _______. A) Scree B) Morinetalus C) Affifans D) Morine 82. The mass movements are caused due to _______force. A) Tidal B) Centripetal C) Centrifugal D) Gravity 83. Slope is an upward or downward inclination of surface between _______and valleys. A) Mountain B) Hills C) Plateau D) Plain 84. Quantitatively the angle of slope at a plain is always below ___degree. A) Three 18 B) Two C) Six D) Five 85. Slope replacement theory was propounded by______. A) W. Penk B) W.M. Davis C) Huttan D) A. Holmes 86. Penk’s replacement theory is also known as _______retreat of slope theory. A) Vertical B) Parallel C) Equal D) Horizontal 87. Slope decline theory was developed by __________. A) W.M. Davis B) Huttan C) A. Holmes D) W. Penk 88. ________ concept of slope evolution is known as hill slope cycle theory. A) L. C. Kings B) W. Penks C) W.M. Davis D) A. Holmes 89. The concept of Normal cycle of erosion is also known as ________cycle of erosion. A) Historical B) Geological C) Geographical D) Social 90. Alluvial fans and cones are associated with ______stage of geographical cycle. A) Initial B) Maturity C) Youth D) Old 19 91. Pene plain is a land form which indicates the ______ stage of the erosional cycle. A) Maturity B) Youth C) Old D) Initial 92. Interruption of cycle is also known as _________. A) River capture B) Rejuvenation C) Cycle D) Change 93. Karst region present in ________in famous for limestone topography. A) England B) Italy C) Yugoslauina D) Hungery 94. Residual soils of Karst topography are known as_______. A) Terra rosa B) Polje C) Blind valley D) Uvalas 95. Very large dolines are called as_______. A) Poljes B) Sink holes C) Uvalas D) Caverns 96. Blind valley, uvalas dolines, and caverns are associated with _______topography. A) River B) Aeolian C) Karst D) Glacier 97. Wave velocity is directly related with wave_______. A) Length B) Amplitude 20 C) Frequency D) Intensity 98. The water particles within a wave move in ________ orbit. A) Circular B) Oblique C) Parabolic D) Uncertain 99. Wave _____results in the formation of long shore currents. A) Modifification B) Reflection C) Scattering D) Refraction 100. Wave cut platforms are associated with ______and cave. A) Mudflats B) Sea cliffs C) Beaches D) Caves 101. _____are the deposits of breaker waves between high and low tide. A) Beaches B) Sand dunes C) Sea cliff D) Wave cut platform 102. Sedimentation due to sea wave which is _________to the shore line is called as sand bar. A) Vertical B) Parallel C) Equal D) Horizontal 103. When a _______connects on inland to the mainland it is called as tombolo. A) Barriers B) Ridge C) Sand bar D) Reef 21 104. Ria / fiord coastline is an indication of _________coast fine. A) Emerging B) Constant C) Vertical D) Submerging 105. Deserts with mobile sand are called as ______. A) Ergs B) Barkhan C) Loess D) Oasis 106. Takalamakar and gobi deserts are located in central ____. A) Afrika B) Australia C) Asia D) India 107. Fine, loamy clay deposits in an asuid region in known as ________. A) Fluvial B) Pane plain C) Delta D) Loess 108. The temporary lakes are called as ______in deserts. A) Tarn B) Playa C) Oasis pond D) Tora 109. Gently sloping depositional plain between pediments and playas is called as ________. A) Bajada B) Humada C) Saif D) Barkhan 110. Accumulation of ice above the snow line gives rise to a______. A) River 22 B) Glacier C) Stream D) Wave 111. The glacial trougs which have been occupied by the sea called as______. A) Rai B) Barrier C) Ridge D) Fords 112. ______like depositional features of glacial hills are called as moraine. A) Ridge B) Hill C) Eskers D) Reef 113. Geomorphology is defined as a _________ description and analysis of landscapes and the process that change them. A) Systematic B) Scientific C) Orderly D) Roughly 114. The place of occurrence of an earth quake is known as _________. A) Epicenter B) Focus C) Center D) Middle 115. There is gradual flow of heat from the ______ part of the earth to the surface of it. A) Outside B) External C) Marginal D) Interior 116. According to ___ the size of the delta depends upon size of the river and the region drained by the river. A) Strabo B) Hirodotus 23 C) Eratosthenis D) Aristotal 117. ____ observed the cyclic nature of the earths history in 1788. A) W.M. Davis B) E. Suess C) J. Hotton D) Playfair 118. The asthenosphere has temperature around ___ degree centigrade. A) 1100 B) 2200 C) 33000 D) 35000 119. The thermal contraction theory was introduced by ______. A) Holmes B) Pratt C) Jeffrey D) Arry 120. Volcanic activities are ______ related with horizontal and vertical movements of the crust. A) Poorly B) Sometimes C) Closely D) Always 121. The term fire ring of the pacific is related with ______. A) Vulcanicity B) Mass movement C) Pneplation D) Pedimentation 122. The down slope movement of earth’s materials at very slow velocity is called as______ of the soil. A) Creeping B) Flowing C) Sliding 24 D) Glinding 123. In 1985 ______ has classified various types of mass movements. A) R. J. Small B) R. J. Choraly C) R. J. Rice D) A Penk 124. ‘Geographical Essay’ was written by ______ in 1909. A) W. Penk B) R. J. Choraly C) R. J. Small D) W. M. Davis 125. There is close relationship between the plate _____and vulcanicity. A) Center B) Interior C) External D) Margins 126. The continents and oceans are considered as ______ order relief features. A) First B) Second C) Third D) fourth 127. The density of the core of the earth is ______ of all the parts. A) Lowest B) Smallest C) Minute D) Highest 128. The surface waves of the earth quakes are also called as _____. A) Period waves B) L long waves C) S waves D) C waves 129. The enlarged vent of a volcano is called as crater or ____. A) Caldera 25 B) Fumaroles C) Lake D) Crater 130. Oxidation and hydration are the type of ______ weathering. A) Physical B) Mechanical C) Biological D) Chemical 131. The quantitative techniques were introduced by _____ in 1945. A) Davis B) Horton C) Choraly D) Penk 132. The term isostacy was firstly used by _____. A) Dutton B) Horton C) Suess D) Pratt 133. Most of the earths topography is not older than ______. A) Holocene B) Pleistocene C) Miocene D) Plicene 134. According to Hayford and Bowie there is an ______ relationship between the height of columns of the crust and their respective weight. A) Direct B) Indirect C) Inverse D) Constant 135. The folded mountains are the ____ mountains on the earth surface. A) Oldest B) Youngest C) Residual 26 D) Newely 136. Aristotal has mentioned that the spring originates due to ________ of the water. A) Precipitation B) Percolation C) Runoff D) Flow 137. The valley of thousand smokes is present at _______. A) Alaska B) Kenya C) New Zealand D) Island 138. Most of the chemical weathering results in to _______ density type of materials. A) High B) Moderate C) Low D) Constant 139. Rift valley, block mountain are the results of ________. A) Folding B) Faulting C) Sliding D) Rising 140. Disintegration in the form of blocks or granules in a result of ________weathering. A) Chemical B) Biological C) Logical D) Mechanical 141. According to_________ there in an intermediate layer with average density three inside the earth. A) Conard B) Moho C) Gutenberg D) Pratt 142. Each climatic type produces ______characteristic assemblage of land forms. 27 A) Same B) Its own C) Similar D) Paraller 143. _________ earthquake waves involves transverse displacement. A) P waves B) S Waves C) L waves D) All of them 144. Fumaroles are the specific landforms due to _________. A) Volcano B) Earth quack C) Faulting D) Folding 145. The surface waves of the earth quack are also called as _____ waves. A) K B) L C) S D) P 146. Geosynclines are ______ where sediments have been deposited. A) Plains B) Shallow seas C) Plateaus D) Lakes 147. The theory of thermal convection currents was put forth by _______ in 1928. A) Daly B) Jaffrey C) W. Penk D) A. Holmes 148. Termites play very important role in _______ weathering. A) Physical B) Chemical C) Biotic 28 D) Anthropogenic 149. __________ is a process of disintegration and decomposition. A) Deposition B) Weathering C) Mass movement D) Erosion 150. Block disintegration, Exfoliation, Glanular, disintigration are result of _______weathering. A) Physical B) Chemical C) Biotic D) Logical 151. Oxidation, Hydration, and carbonation are the process of _________. A) Mechanical B) Biological C) Logical D) Chemical 152. Gorge and _____are the formation erosion work of river. A) Hanging valley B) U shaped Valley C) Canyons D) Barkhan 153. Gorge and canyons are the formation erosion work of ________. A) River B) Wind C) Glacier D) Underground water 154. Every landform is a __________ of structure, process & stage. A) Work B) Function C) Creation D) Gift 155. V shaped valley is formed by ________erosion. 29 A) Wind B) Glacier C) Underground water D) River 156. Caves are produced by the work of _______topography. A) Aeolian B) Glacier C) Karst D) Fluvial 157. U shaped valley is formed by ________erosion. A) Aeolian B) Glacier C) Sea waves D) Fluvial 158. Waterfall, pot holes, river meanders are formed by work of _______. A) River B) Wind C) Glacier D) Underground water 159. Deflation basins, inselbergs, demoiselles, yardags etc. are formed by work of _________. A) River B) Wind C) Glacier D) Underground water 160.In mountains region the settlements are formed ________ type. A) Compact B) Nucleated C) Dispersed D) Clustered 161.In _________ region the settlements are formed dispersed type. A) Valley B) Plain 30 C) Plateau D) Mountain 162.In the plain areas the _______ are generally formed compact. A) Village B) House C) Settlement D) Farm house 163.In the plain areas the settlement are generally formed ______. A) Compact B) Nucleated C) Sparse D) Clustered 164.In the coastal areas near essuries settlements are formed _______. A) Compact B) Nucleated C) Sparse D) Clustered 165. ________ is the science, which studies morphology of the earth. A) Pedology B) Hydrology C) Geomorphology D) Geology 166. The Planetesmial theory of earth’s origin was put forth by _______ in 1905. A) Chamberlin & Molten B) La Place C) Kant D) Jeans& Jeffery 167. H. Russell believed on the _______ concept of earth’s origin. A) Tidal theory B) Binary Star C) Gaseous origin D) Nebular origin 168. In the interior of the earth, there is ________ in temperature with increasing depth. 31 A) Rise B) Fall C) No change D) Little change 169. The surface layer of the earth is known as __________. A) Asthenosphere B) Mantle C) Crust D) Core 170. Gutenberg Discontinuity is present between _______ & ______ of the earth. A) Core and Mantle B) Crust and Mantle C) Outer and inner Core D) Mantle and Nonmetallic core 171. SIMA refers to _____________. A) Si + Ma B) Si + Mg C) Si + Ca D) Ni + Fe 172. Drifting of continents was explained by _______ in 1912. A) Weber B) Wegner C) Ritter D) Davis 173. During the Paleozoic period, Pangaea was surrounded by __________ a deep ocean. A) Pacific B) Atlantic C) Tythes D) Panthalasa 174. __________waves provide authentic knowledge about the interior of the earth. A) Tidal B) Seismic C) Sound 32 D) Electromagnetic 175. The main reason of faulting is ___________ force. A) Gravitational B) Tensional C) Tidal D) Erosional 176. The young mountains like Himalayas are formed due to ________ of the earth crust. A) Faulting B) Deposition C) Erosion D) Folding 177. In case of a distant earthquake ______ waves reach the observer last. A) Sound waves B) P waves C) L waves D) S waves. 178. ________volcano is known as The Light House of Mediterranean Sea. A) Mt. Helen B) Mt. Mauna Loa C) Pinatubo D) Stromboli 179. ________ is known as Earthquake Country. A) India B) Indonesia C) Japan D) Philipines 180. Sea floor spreading theory postulated by________ . A) Hary Hess B) Penk C) King D) Devis 33 OCEANOGRAPHY 1. Northern hemisphere is called as __________ hemisphere. A) Land B) Water C) Ocean D) Hydro 2. _________hemisphere is called as land hemisphere. A) Southern B) Western C) Northern D) Eastern 3. _____ is a science which studies the oceans and seas. A) Oceanography B) Pedology C) Geohydrology D) Meteorology) 4. Oceanography is a science which studies the _____and seas. A) Oceans B) Lakes C) Water reservoir D) Ponds 5. ________ are also called as deep sea plains. A) Continental shelf B) Coral reefs C) Shallow sea D) Abyssal plains 6. Abyssal plains are also called as _____ plains. A) Coral B) Deep sea C) Shallow sea D) Coastal 7. The average temperature of surface water of the oceans is _________ degree centigrade. 34 A) 25.10c B) 26.70c C) 17.20c D) 19.40c 8. ________ is most significant salt present in the ocean water. A) MgCl2 B) CaSo4 C) NaCl D) CaCo3 9. ________ is most significant salt present in the water. A) Lake B) Ocean C) River D) Estuarine 10. The rise and fall in the level of sea water due to ________force is called as tide A) Attraction B) Centrifugal C) Centripetal D) Gravitational 11. The rise and fall in the level of sea water due to gravitational force is called as _______. A) Wave B) Tide C) Current D) Tidal Bore 12. There are basically __________ types of ocean currents. A) 2 B) 4 C) 6 D) 8 13. Cyclone is originated when _______ different airmasses came in contact with each other. A) 6 35 B) 4 C) 2 D) 8 14. The terrigeneous materials deposited on the ocean floor include _______. A) Gravels B) Siliceous ooze C) Red clay D) Diaton ooz 15. The coral reefs are formed by accumulation of _________. A) Bones B) Skeletons C) Skulls D) Skins 16. The _____are formed by accumulation of skeletons. A) Islands B) Ocean floor C) Coral reefs D) Minerals 17. __________ hemisphere is called as water hemisphere. A) Northern B) Eastern C) Western D) Southern 18. Southern hemisphere is called as _______ hemisphere. A) Water B) Land C) Air D) Sound 19. Deep sea plain occupies ________ percent area of the ocean floor. A) 23 B) 37 C) 43 D) 51 36 20. Deepest part of the Pacific Ocean is known as ________. A) Tonga trench B) Mariana trench C) Phillippine trench D) Kurile trench 21. Marianna Trench is located in _________ ocean. A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Artic D) Pacific 22. The annual average surface temperature of the ocean water gradualy _________ from equator to poles. A) Increases B) Decreases C) Remains constant D) Never change 23. Sodium chloride dominates the salinity of ___________water. A) Ocean B) River C) Lake D) Tank 24. Every day a tide is delayed by________ minits. A) 26 B) 16 C) 52 D) 8 25. The general movement of mass oceanic water in a definite direction is called as ocean _______. A) Current B) Stream C) Tide D) Wave 37 26. The general movement of a mass oceanic water in a definite ______is called as ocean current. A) Flow B) Way C) Direction D) Route 27. The tropical cyclone originating in western Pacific Ocean are known as ______. A) Depression B) Hurricane C) Cyclone D) Typhoons 28. The tropical cyclones originating in Western______ Ocean are known as Typhoons. A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Pacific D) Artic 29. Coral polyps thrive in __________ oceans. A) Temperate B) Polar C) Sub Polar D) Tropical 30. When coral reef forms of the costal platform but parallel to the platform is called as ____________. A) Fringing Reef B) Barrier Reef C) Atoll D) Ridge 31. ________ Area is occupied by the oceans. A) 51 % B) 69 % C) 71 % D) 79 % 32. The area and altitude of the earth surface are represented by _________ curve. 38 A) Concave B) Convex C) Uneven D) Hypsographic 33. Long narrow very deep valleys located on the continental shelves are known as _________. A) Submarine plains B) Submarine trenches C) Submarine canyons D) Ocean deeps 34. The temperature of the sea water _________ with increasing depth. A) Increase B) Decrease C) Remains constant D) Never change 35. ______ salinity is recorded near the mouth of the major rivers of the world. A) Low B) High C) Very high D) Moderate 36. The position of the sun, moon and the earth in a straight line is called as _______. A) Syzygy B) Apogee C) Perigee D) Equilibrium 37. Along the cost of south Africa___________ current is present containing cold water A) Falkland B) Brazil C) Canary D) Bengulea 38. _______ is a term used for tropical storms of Caribbean sea. A) Tornado B) Typhoon 39 C) Hurricane D) Depression 39. Coral polyps could grow only in _________oceanic waters. A) Deep B) Very deep C) Shallow D) Estuarine 40. __________ cold current flows from the baring straight in southernly direction of pacific ocean. A) Kusio B) Kurile C) Peru D) Benguela 41. Kurile cold current flows from the baring straight in southernly direction of ________. A) Atlantic B) Indian C) Artic D) Pacific 42. The Great Barrier Reef is located at __________. A) East Australian coast B) Andaman coast C) West Andaman coast D) New island coast 43. An atoll is a __________ coral reef. A) Elongated B) Fringing C) Circular D) Long 44. Most abundant ooze in the Atlantic ocean is ________. A) Radiolarian B) Diatom C) Ptetopond 40 D) Globigerina 45. Lowest density of sea water is experience near _________ region. A) Poles B) Tropics C) Equators D) Temperate 46. High density of the ocean is recorded due to __________ temperature. A) High B) Low C) Moderate D) Very high 47. Gulf Stream is a warm ocean current of _________ ocean. A) North Pacific B) South Pacific C) North Atlantic D) South Atlantic 48. Okhotsk current is present near__________. A) Japan B) Kamchatka peninsula C) Malaysia D) California 49. Kurosio current flows along the coast_________. A) Japan B) Chile C) California D) Peru 50. Agulshas current is present in__________ ocean. A) Pacific B) Indian C) Southern D) Atlantic 51. ‘S’ shaped mid ocean ridge is present_______. A) Pacific 41 B) Indian C) Atlantic D) Arabic 52. Tidal bores occurs in_________ region. A) Abyssal plains B) Mid ocean ridge of mouth C) Off shore D) River mouth 53. A glacial valley continuing the sea is_________. A) Ria B) Fiord C) Estuary D) Creak 54. Hanging valley is associated with________. A) Wind B) Sea C) Glacier D) River 55. Longitudinal ridge like deposits of the --------are called as________. A) Ridge B) Reef C) Eskers D) Yards 56. Playa is a lake found in________ while tarh is a lake of glacial. A) Polar B) Arid C) Coastal D) Tropical 57. An outwash plain is formed by_________ of fluvial glacial action. A) Erosion B) Deposition C) Weathering D) All of the above 42 58. Small dome shaped deposits near the glacier are called as____________. A) Kames B) Kettles C) Drumlins D) Eratic row. 59. The oval or elongated mounds or hills present in the plain are called as ________. A) Kames B) Eskers C) Kettles D) Drumlins 60. Basket of eggs topography is a term used for__________. A) Drumlins B) Kames C) Eskers D) Kettles 61. Very large boulders present over till plains show no relation with the bed rocks such boulders are called as __________ rocks. A) Monadnock B) Inselberg C) Tors D) Erattic 62. The debris carried by the glacier called as ________. A) Alluvim B) Moraines C) Culluvium D) Loess 63. A rocky outcrop with gentle slope to upstream direction and steep shattered slope on down slope direction is formed by erosion of a glacier is called as ___________. A) Drumline B) Roche moutonnee C) Esslering D) bb 64. An arête is a sharp edged ridge divides low cirques ___________. 43 A) Crag B) Crevasses C) Arête D) Horn 65. An arte is a ridge which step low ___________. A) Cirques B) Crags C) Horns D) Crevasses 66. A ___________ is a semi-circular steep sided depression formed through glacial erosion. A) Cirque (corries) B) Birgschrund C) Crevasses D) Doldring 67. A bargschrund is a large crevasses at the back of a ____________. A) Horn B) Valley C) Tarn D) Corries 68. A moving mass of the ice is called as ________. A) Glacier B) Neve C) Firn D) Snow 69. The sand dunes which run parallel to the wind direction are called as _____________. A) Parabolic dunes B) Barkhan C) Seif D) Transverse dunes 70. An area of the desert covered by smooth rocks is called ______________. A) Rock pavement B) Drumlin 44 C) Crag & tail D) Erratic rock 71. A hard surface rock protects the lower smooth rock to forum a pillar it is called as __________ or earth pillar. A) Rock pavement B) Domeiselles C) Drumlin D) Crag & tails 72. Wind erosion of the horizontal rock stands the arid regions give rise to ___________. A) Yarding B) Inselberg C) Tors D) Zeuzen 73. The vertical hard & soft rock stata are eroded by the wind to produce _____________. A) Yarding B) Inselberg C) Tors D) Zeuzen 74. A low relief plain of the arid regions is called as __________. A) Peneplane B) Pediment C) Pediplain D) Etchedplain 75. The residual isolated hills of the pediplains are called as ___________ or born harts. A) Bajada B) Tors C) Hammanda D) Inselberg 76. The Ganga Brahmaputra delta is known as __________ delta. A) Sundarban B) Nandan kanan C) Kagiranga 45 D) Kanha 77. Alluvial fans and alluvial cones are formed when there is a ___________ change in the slope of the river. A) Gradual B) Slow C) Abrupt D) Moderation 78. Oxbow lakes are formed as a result of erosion as well as___________ by the. A) Deposition B) Transpiration C) Attrition D) Abrave 79. Dry or blind valleys are formed by the _________ of a stream. A) Rejuvenation B) Deposition C) Formation D) Capture 80. A narrow ‘V’ shaped valley is called as ___________. A) Valley B) Hanging Valley C) Gorge D) Cave 81. The_______ & velocity of a stream are responsible for the erosion work of stream. A) Volume B) Amount C) Capacity D) Load 82. The presence of wave cut platforms cliff indicate _____________coast line. A) Emerging B) Sub-emerging C) Steady D) Neutral 83. Formation of the sand bars and beach are an indication of ____________ coastline. 46 A) Neutral B) Emerging C) Sub-emerging D) Steady 84. ___________ are present where the headlands enter into the sea. A) Beaches B) Marshes C) Mudflats D) Sea-cave 85. Sindhudurga is an example of __________Island. A) Continental B) Coastal C) River D) Coral 86. Laksha-Dweep islands are famous for tourism due to_____________. A) Corals B) Crocodiles C) Caves D) Cliffs 87. Oceanography is the sub branch of _______ geography. A) Human B) Settlement C) Physical D) Agriculture 88. The progressive wave theory deals with______. A) Currents B) Tides C) Coral reefs D) Wave erosion 89. _______ is the most abundant components of salts in sea. A) Calcium B) Chlorile C) Sodium 47 D) Potassium 90. Continental slope and shelf are the _____ order landforms. A) Third B) Second C) First D) All of them 48 Geomorphology- Answer Key Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer 1 A 21 A 41 B 61 B 81 A 2 A 22 D 42 C 62 C 82 D 3 C 23 B 43 D 63 D 83 B 4 D 24 D 44 A 64 A 84 D 5 B 25 A 45 A 65 B 85 A 6 D 26 D 46 D 66 C 86 B 7 A 27 A 47 C 67 A 87 D 8 D 28 A 48 C 68 D 88 A 9 D 29 C 49 D 69 B 89 C 10 A 30 D 50 A 70 C 90 B 11 C 31 A 51 B 71 A 91 A 12 C 32 C 52 C 72 B 92 B 13 D 33 D 53 B 73 C 93 C 14 A 34 D 54 C 74 A 94 A 15 C 35 A 55 A 75 B 95 C 16 A 36 B 56 C 76 D 96 C 17 D 37 A 57 A 77 B 97 A 18 D 38 D 58 D 78 B 98 A 19 C 39 A 59 A 79 D 99 D 20 B 40 C 60 A 80 A 100 B 49 Geomorphology - Answer Key Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer 101 A 121 A 141 B 161 D 102 B 122 A 142 B 162 D 103 C 123 B 143 B 163 A 104 D 124 D 144 A 164 A 105 D 125 D 145 B 165 C 106 C 126 A 146 B 166 A 107 D 127 D 147 D 167 B 108 B 128 B 148 C 168 A 109 A 129 A 149 B 169 C 110 B 130 B 150 A 170 A 111 D 131 B 151 D 171 A 112 A 132 A 152 C 172 B 113 A 133 B 153 A 173 D 114 B 134 A 154 B 174 B 115 D 135 B 155 D 175 B 116 B 136 B 156 C 176 D 117 C 137 A 157 B 177 C 118 A 138 C 158 A 178 D 119 C 139 B 159 D 179 C 120 C 140 D 160 C 180 A 50 Oceanography- Answer Key Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer Question Answer 1 A 19 B 37 D 55 C 73 A 2 C 20 B 38 C 56 B 74 C 3 A 21 D 39 C 57 A 75 D 4 A 22 B 40 B 58 A 76 A 5 D 23 A 41 D 59 D 77 C 6 B 24 C 42 A 60 A 78 A 7 A 25 A 43 C 61 D 79 D 8 C 26 C 44 A 62 B 80 C 9 B 27 D 45 D 63 B 81 A 10 D 28 C 46 B 64 C 82 B 11 B 29 D 47 C 65 A 83 B 12 A 30 B 48 B 66 A 84 D 13 C 31 C 49 A 67 D 85 B 14 A 32 D 50 D 68 A 86 A 15 B 33 C 51 C 69 C 87 C 16 C 34 B 52 D 70 A 88 B 17 D 35 A 53 B 71 B 89 C 18 A 36 A 54 C 72 D 90 B 51 Bibliography 1. Bharatdwaj K. - Physical Geography (Oceanography) 2. Dasgupta A. & Kapoor A. N. – Principal of Physical Geography 3. Khan Nizamuddin – An introduction to Physical Geography 4. Lake P. - Physical Geography 5. Majid Hissain - Physical Geography 6. Padey P. N. - Physical Geography 7. Robinson H.- Morphology and landscape 8. Strahler A. - Physical Geography 9. Savindra Singh- Physical Geography 10. Savindra Singh- Geomorphology 11. Tikka R. N. - Physical Geography 52