Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Cooperative Relationships Life Science Unit 5 Lesson 13 Attendance link: http://goo.gl/forms/BIaY2ASThZ Expectations Required Class Connects Be active and participate in class. Be respectful to your classmates Be positive in the chat box and use it correctly. Have a working microphone! Tuesday, Wednesday, & Thursday 10:30-11:30 am You will need it during the lessons and break out rooms. If you have a question, please place it in the chat box and repost it if I don’t see it. Objective • Differentiate cooperative and competitive relationships among organisms (predatorprey, parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism). Symbiosis – interaction between two different organisms living in close physical association, typically to the advantage of both. can include parasitism, mutualism, and commensalism Symbiosis • Symbiosis is when two different species of organisms live closely together for an extended period of time. – “Sym” = same – “bio” = life • There are 3 types of symbiosis: – Mutualism – Commensalism – Parasitism Types of Symbiosis • Mutualism: Both partners benefit from the relationship (+, +) • Commensalism: One partner benefits from the relationship; the other partner is not affected (+, 0) • Parasitism: One partner benefits from the relationship; the other partner is harmed (+, -) Types of Symbiosis • When one partner is really small and lives inside of the other partner, the other partner is called the host. • The really small partner can be called a mutualist, a commensalist, or a parasite (depending on the type of relationship). • Sometimes, the really small partner is called the symbiont. This is a general term and does not imply a type of relationship. Check point Which term includes the other three? A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Symbiosis D. Parasitism Symbiosis - Mutualism • Mutualism is when the 2 organisms both benefit from the relationship. (They help each other.) • + Symbiosis – Mutualism - Examples Mutualism Both species benefit from the interaction. Mutualism – two species provide resources or services to each other enhances fitness of both species Flowers and their Pollinators (examples: Bees and hummingbirds gather nectar and spread pollen.) Birds and mammals eat berries and fruits while the plant benefits by the dispersal of it seeds. Algae and Fungi > Lichen - Alga gets water and nutrients from the fungus and the fungus gets food from the algae. Cleaners eat insect pests from the skin of animals. (ex: Egyptian plover cleans giraffes and buffaloes) Many herbivores such as cows, sheep, deer, horses and rabbits depend on bacteria that live in their stomachs to break down the plant material. Coral Reefs- The corals get food and the algae get protection. Example of Mutualism • Acacia ants live in acacia trees. • The tree provides big hollow thorns as a home for the ants. Example of Mutualism • The tree also provides food for the ants in yellow swellings on the leaves (red oval). Example of Mutualism • The ants defend the tree against herbivores, both large and small. • They attack insects and large grazing herbivores. Example of Mutualism • The ants also clear an area around the tree of competing vegetation. • Without the ants, the acacia tree cannot compete with other trees. View it • https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=X m2qdxVVRm4 • https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=Ik Ts0Q3JUls Check point Bees use nectar from the flowers of plants as food. As they collect nectar, dust like pollen grains stick to their body. When they move from flower to flower, pollen is transferred to other flowers. The pollen from other flowers helps the plant make seeds. Which term describes the relationship between bees and flowering plants? A. B. C. D. Parasitism Mutualism Competition Commensalism What does the bee help the plant meet/do? Reproduction What challenge of life does the plant help the bee meet? Acquiring energy Symbiosis - Commensalism • Commensalism is when one of the organisms benefits from the relationship, and the other is not helped or harmed by it. • + unaffected Symbiosis – Commensalism Examples Commensalism Commensalism is a relationship between two living organisms where one benefits and the other is neither harmed nor helped. Commensalism – one species receives a benefit from another species enhances fitness of one species; no effect on fitness of the other species The clownfish lives among the forest of tentacles of an anemone and is protected from potential predators. Some birds live among cattle to eat the insects stirred up as they walk. One example are egrets who hunt for insects near a grazing animal's mouth. One animal attaching itself to another for transportation such as barnacles attach to shells or whales or a shrimp riding on a sea slugs. barnacles on whale’s tail and clam shrimp riding on a sea slug One species uses a second organism for housing such as small mammals or birds that lives in holes in trees or orchids which live in trees. Orchid in rainforest Venezuela Example of Commensalism • Cattle egrets are often found around grazing herbivores, such as these African buffalo. Example of Commensalism • The cattle egrets eat insects that are flushed as the big herbivores move around. • The herbivores get no benefit or harm from the egrets. • Photo Credit: Noodlefish @ flickr.com Check point Hermit crabs have a soft belly and live in the ocean. To protect themselves, they crawl into discarded snail shells and use them for shelter. Which symbiotic relationship describes the association of hermit crabs and snails? A. Commensalism B. Mutualism C. Parasitism D. competition Symbiosis - Parasitism • Parasitism is when one organism benefits from the relationship, and the other organism is harmed. • + Parasitism - examples Check point In which symbiotic relationship does one organism benefit while the other organism is harmed? A. Mutualism B. Commensalism C. Competition D. Parasitism Symbiosis - ? • Why don’t we have a word for a relationship where both organisms are harmed by the relationship? Symbiosis and you • What is one example of mutualism that a person might be involved in? • What is one example of commensalism that a person might be involved in? • What is one example of parasitism that a person might be involved in? Example of Parasitism • Songbirds are often heavily parasitized by ticks. • The birds are often anemic, stressed and more vulnerable to predation. • Female ticks must have a good blood meal in order to lay eggs. • Photo Credit: Bill Hilton, Jr. @ hiltonpond.org Example of Parasitism • Fungal parasites often infect living organisms, such as plants, animals or other fungi. • This shelf fungus releases enzymes to digest the wood of this tree, which weakens the tree and makes it more vulnerable. • Photo Credit: BIOL 1407 Student Assignment • OLS • Part 1 – online – 6 questions • Part 2 – offline – 1 question • Study Island • Make sure that you are working in SI and completing all 13 pathways.