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Grade 7 Social Studies
Geography Unit Test Review KEY
Vocabulary
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Maps – A two dimensional (2D) representation of an area of land or sea,
showing physical features (like mountains, rivers, lakes), cities, roads, etc.
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Globe – A three dimensional (3D), spherical representation of the Earth.
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Cartographer – A person who draws or makes maps.
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Mercator Projection – The map projection we see typically; it represents
continents and oceans accurately according to shape, but not accurately
according to size.
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Latitude – Imaginary lines that run East to West (like the rungs of a ladder) that
are put on maps and globes to help find locations.
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Longitude - Imaginary lines that run North to South that are put on maps and
globes to help find locations.
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Prime Meridian – The 0° longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England; it
signifies the starting point for time zones.
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Equator – The 0° latitude line that urns around the middle of the Earth (like a
belt), separating the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth from the Southern
Hemisphere.
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Compass Rose – The symbol on a map that shows the four cardinal directions.
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Cardinal Directions (N, S, E, W) – North, South, East, West (Never Eat Soggy
Waffles!)
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Continents (7) – The largest areas of land on Earth, which include North
America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and Antarctica.
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Oceans (5) – The largest bodies of water on Earth, which include the Pacific
Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic Ocean.
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Coordinates – A pair of numbers, using latitude and longitude, that indicate the
location of something on a map (ex. 40° N, 37° E)
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Time Zone – A region in the world that uses the same standard time.
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International Date Line – The imaginary longitude line where if you cross it, you
go one day forward or backward.
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Weather – The conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of a time in a
certain area; this can change from minute to minute, hour to hour, day to day,
and week to week.
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Climate – How the atmosphere behaves over a long period of time in a certain
region of the Earth.
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Climate Zones (Tropical, Temperate, Polar) – Divisions of the Earth's climates into
general climate zones according to average temperatures and average
rainfall. The three major climate zones on the Earth are the polar, temperate,
and tropical zones.
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Tropic of Cancer (23.5°N) – The line of latitude that marks the northern end of
the Tropical Zone, and beginning of the northern Temperate Zone.
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Tropic of Capricorn (23.5°S) – The line of latitude that marks the southern end of
the Tropical Zone, and beginning of the southern Temperate Zone.
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Arctic Circle (66.5°N) – The line of latitude that marks the beginning of the
northern Polar Zone.
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Antarctic Circle (66.5°S) – The line of latitude that marks the beginning of the
southern Polar Zone.
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Climate Change – The warming of our Earth’s core temperature, leading to
changes in long-term averages of daily weather.
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Greenhouse Gases – Gases (including carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous
oxide) that work to trap the sun’s heat within Earth’s atmosphere, causing its
core temperature to increase. Human activities have altered the chemical
composition of the atmosphere through the buildup of these greenhouse
gases.
Concepts
1. (a) What makes a good map? Some things that make a good map include:
label for different locations and bodies of water, symbols (and a legend to
explain what these symbols mean), a compass rose to indicate direction, lines
of latitude and longitude to help us locate things, etc.
(b) Why do we have different kinds of map projections? When trying to
represent something from our 3-dimensional Earth onto a 2-dimensional map, it
is impossible to keep all aspects of the Earth accurate. Different map
projections focus on different characteristics of a globe, while others may be
altered.
(c) What are the four characteristics of globes that may be distorted by a map
projection? The four characteristics of globes that may be distorted or
changed by a map projection include: size, shape, distance, and direction.
(d) What is the name of the projection of the most common type of map we
see? Mercator Projection
2. (a) On a map: what is a legend? A map legend (or key) is included with a map
to unlock it. It gives you the information needed for the map to make sense.
Maps often use symbols or colors to represent things, and the map key explains
what they mean
(b) What is a compass rose? A compass rose is the symbol on a map that shows
the four cardinal directions, and in doing so, shows us which direction the map
is facing.
(c) What are the cardinal directions? Cardinal directions are the four main
directions: North, South, East, and West.
3. (a) What is a continent? The largest areas of land on Earth.
(b) How many continents are there on the Earth and what are their names?
Seven: North America, South America, Africa, Europe, Asia, Australia, and
Antarctica.
(c) What is an ocean? The largest bodies of water on Earth.
(d) How many oceans do we have and what are their names? Five: Pacific
Ocean, Atlantic Ocean, Indian Ocean, Southern Ocean, and Arctic
Ocean.
4. (a) What are coordinates and why do we have them? A pair of numbers, using
latitude and longitude, that indicate the location of something on a map.
(b) What are lines of latitude and longitude? Imaginary lines that run East to
West (like the rungs of a ladder) and North to South that are put on maps
and globes to help find locations.
(c) What is the Equator? The 0° latitude line that urns around the middle of the
Earth (like a belt), separating the Northern Hemisphere of the Earth from the
Southern Hemisphere.
(d) What is the Prime Meridian? What city does the Prime Meridian go through?
The 0° longitude line that runs through Greenwich, England; it signifies the
starting point for time zones.
5. (a) What are time zones? Regions in the world that uses the same standard
time.
(b) Why do they exist? They exist for the purpose of convenience in
communicating and connecting with people around the world in an
increasingly globalized society! It also allows the world to be on the same
standard system for telling time.
(c) What two inventions created the need for time zones? Trains and telegraphs
- the increase of travel and communication between cities created the
need for schedules and a standard way to tell time.
(d) In which direction do you add hours and subtract hours? Add hours to the
right (East), subtract hours to the left (West).
(e) Know one example of an unusual time zone that doesn’t follow the pattern.
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India and Sri Lanka: UTC + 5:30
New Zealand and Chatham Islands: UTC + 12:45 /+ 13:45
Newfoundland, Canada: UTC - 3:30 / - 2:30
Afghanistan: UTC + 4:30
Iran: UTC + 3:30 / + 4:30
North Korea: UTC + 8:30
Myanmar (Burma): UTC + 6:30
Nepal: UTC + 5:45
6. (a) What is weather? The conditions of the atmosphere over a short period of a
time in a certain area; this can change from minute to minute, hour to hour,
day to day, and week to week.
(b) What is climate? How the atmosphere behaves over a long period of time
in a certain region of the Earth.
(c) What is the difference between the two? Time! Weather is short term, while
climate is long term.
(d) What are some factors that affect climate? Things that affect the climate of
a region include the location on the Earth, the angle at which the sun hits this
location (more direct = hotter), the elevation (mountainous regions = colder),
proximity to bodies of water, etc.
(e) What are the different climate zones? Tropical Zone, Temperate Zone, Polar
Zone
(f) Where do they exist?
(g) What is climate change? What are greenhouse gases? Greenhouse gases
work to trap the sun’s heat within Earth’s atmosphere, causing its core
temperature to increase. This leads to climate change, which is the warming of
our Earth’s core temperature, leading to changes in long-term averages of
daily weather. Human activities have altered the chemical composition of the
atmosphere through the build-up of greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.