Download Unit 10 powerpoint bio 134

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•  “All our dreams can come true – if we have the courage to pursue them.” – Walt Disney Big idea •  Living systems store, retrieve, transmit, and respond to informaMon essenMal to life processes. •  Unit 10 DNA DNA IS LIFE-­‐ THE REST IS JUST DETAILS EssenMal knowledge •  DNA, and in some cases RNA, is the primary source of heritable informaMon. 1
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1. What is DNA fingerprinMng and why is it important? This is how a DNA fingerprint can be made. •  2. a method to separate individuals by comparing their DNA segments 3. DNA is a geneMc molecule Online lab: Who licked the lollipop? •  2. DNA fingerprinMng can be used to: –  IdenMfy parents –  IdenMfy missing persons/bodies (911, wars, murders) –  Exonerate someone from prison –  Capture criminals •  Go to Mrs. Buscher’s website resources and open the web page provided. •  USE FIREFOX!!! 2
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Open note quiz Unit 8-­‐1 •  1. true/false :DNA fingerprinMng uses fingerprints from your hands. •  4. What type of electrical charge does DNA have? •  2. List 2 reasons someone might want to use DNA fingerprinMng. •  5. During electrophoresis, the (small, large) DNA fragments will reach the end first. •  3. What cuts up DNA? •  6. The bands of DNA that are observed ager the radioacMve probes have been ahached, is called a DNA _________________. Girl who can’t feel pain 1. What is DNA? •  2. Deoxyribonucleic Acid •  2. GeneMc material 3
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2. Made of repeaMng units called nucleoMdes •  2. DNA is a double helix (twisted ladder) 3. backbone=phosphate and deoxyribose 3. rungs=nitrogen bases 4. adenine, cytosine, guanine, thymine 4
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3. The order of the bases provides the code for building proteins pracMce •  If one side of DNA is 3. DNA is complementary 4. A hydrogen bonds to T G hydrogen bonds to C –  A T G C T A –  WHAT IS THE “COMPLEMENTARY” SIDE? 3. Phosphates & sugars are held by covalent bonds Overview of DNA LAB: DNA CHEEK CELL EXTRACTION 5
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Quote of the day •  “Confidence comes not from always being right but not fearing to be wrong” Quiz Unit 10-­‐1 •  1. DNA is (single, double) stranded. •  2. A phosphate group, sugar and base are the building blocks of DNA. These building blocks are called __________________. •  3. The siderails or backbone of DNA is made of phosphates and _______________. 1. What is DNA replicaMon? •  4. Adenine always bonds to _____________. 2.  def: process of copying DNA
3. copying is semi-conservative
•  5. The bases of DNA always bond to (sugar, phosphates) Example:
•  6. What type of bonds hold DNA bases together? DNA:
5’ A
T
A
3’T
T
A
T
A
G G
C C
G G
C C
A
T
A
T
C 3’
G
C
G 5’
old
new
new
old
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2. DNA replicates before cell division
3. Cells divide to repair tissues
3. Organisms develop and grow when cells divide
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3. Cells divide to transmit their DNA to offspring
2. Enzymes are involved in DNA replication
3. Helicase “unzips” DNA
3. DNA polymerase adds nitrogen bases
to exposed DNA
3. Some enzymes proof read new DNA
and fixes errors
4. unfixed errors are mutations-can cause
disorders
Quote of the day •  Teachers open the door. You enter by yourself.-­‐
Chinese saying 8
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Open note quiz 10.2 •  1. If one side of DNA is A T G C A T, –  What is the other side of DNA? •  2. When do cells replicate their DNA? •  3. List 2 reasons cells divide: •  4. What does “helicase” do? •  5. The enzyme that puts new bases down during replicaMon is called: •  6. Errors in DNA are called _______________. 1. What is the funcMon of DNA? 2.  Main role of DNA is storing hereditary
information
2. You get half of your DNA from your
mom, half from your dad
2. DNA’s genes code for making proteins
3. examples: skin & hair color,
cell membrane parts, enzymes,
muscle
3. gene= segment of DNA bases
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2. Making proteins requires RNA molecules
to decipher the DNA code
mRNA
3. There are 3 types of RNA
4. mRNA – messenger RNA
4. rRNA – ribosomal RNA
4. tRNA- transfer RNA
rRNA
tRNA
2.  RNA differs from DNA
1. How are proteins made? 2.  Each type of RNA has a different job
3. RNA contains ribose (not deoxyribose)
3. RNA is single stranded (not double)
3. RNA contains uracil (not thymine)
3. mRNA makes a copy of a gene (DNA)
(transcription)
3. mRNA travels from the nucleus to
the ribosome, carrying the “message” from
DNA
DNA gene: A T G C A T
mRNA:
UAC GU A
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PracMce •  DNA: T A T G C G •  mRNA: •  DNA: A T C G A T •  mRNA: 2. Ribosomes with rRNA read the message
(translation)
AcMvity: Decoding DNA •  DNA: T A G 3. in groups of 3 bases (codons)
3. each codon “codes” for one amino acid
•  mRNA: A U C •  Use the wheel to find amino acids to build •  protein 11
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AUG: MET
AGC: SER
2. Transfer RNA carries amino acids to the
ribosomes
3. the amino acids are linked to make protein
Quiz 10.4 •  1. A segment of DNA that codes for a protein is called a ______________. •  2. RNA does not contain the base ( uracil, thymine). •  3. If DNA’s code is A T G, then mRNA’s code will be ___ ____ ____ 12
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1. How do we grow larger? •  4. How many bases code for one Amino Acid? •  5. Amino acids are linked together to make a _______________. 2. Organisms grow by replicaMng their cells 2. The nucleus contains DNA, which takes 2 forms 3. Chromatin: unorganized/cell not dividing
3.
Chromosomes: organized/cell dividing
•  6. How many codons are in this mRNA sequence? UACGAG How do we grow larger?
2. Cells get too large. 3. Can’t get food in and wastes out quickly
3. This is a signal for the cell to divide
3. Chromatin organizes into chromosomes
& copies
4. Humans have 46 chromosomes
2. Next step is mitosis, or cell division.
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