Download Sustainability of Ecosystems Science 10 Test Review Ecologist

Ecology: Sustainability of Ecosystems
Science 10
Test Review
Ecologist: _Answer Key________________________________________
Part 1: Write either True (T) or False (F) in the space provided. (18 points)
1. _____T_____ Detritivores include bacteria or fungi that break down dead material.
2. _____ T _____ Intraspecific competition occurs between members of the same species.
3. _____ T _____ A pyramid of energy flow is the most accurate representation of the relationships among
organisms within a community.
4. ____ T ______ Disease is an example of a density-dependent factor in population growth.
5. _____ T _____ A fox is usually an example of an organism from the second trophic level.
6. ____ T ______ A budworm on a tobacco plant is an example of a feeding interaction involving a
producer and a consumer.
7. _____F_____ Approximately 30 percent of the energy from one level of a food chain transfers to the
next level.
8. _____ F _____ DDT has been banned throughout the world.
9. ____ F ______ Cellular respiration produces oxygen.
10. ____ F ______ Earth consists of a closed system where new materials enter but do not leave.
11. ____ T ______ As a forest continually receives acid precipitation, its soil pH gradually declines.
15. _____ T _____ During a thunderstorm, the energy released by lightning helps form nitrates.
16. _____ F _____ The only reactants required for photosynthesis are carbon dioxide and water.
17. _____ F _____ Amino acids are needed to produce genetic material.
18. ______ T _____Coal deposits resulted from the decomposition of buried plant material.
Part 2: Circle the best response. (58 points)
1. Which term best describes the conversion of solar energy into chemical energy?
a. cellular respiration
b. photosynthesis
c. chemosynthesis
d. all the above
2. Energy from one level of a food chain is lost as it moves to the next level. In what form is this energy
lost?
A. heat
B. metabolic processes
C. both A and B
D. neither A nor B
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3.
Identify in order, from top to bottom, the trophic levels shown here.
A. producers, primary consumers, tertiary consumers,
secondary consumers
B. tertiary consumers, secondary consumers, primary
consumers, producers
C. primary consumers, secondary consumers, tertiary
consumers, producers
D. none of the above
4.
How is energy measured?
A.
in grams
B.
in organisms per hectare
C.
in joules or kilojoules
D.
in centilitres
5.
Which of the following would you expect to contain the highest concentration of DDT?
A.
seawater
B.
dolphin
C.
squid
D.
fish
6.
What might explain the current increase in the human population?
A.
better health care
B.
increased food production
C.
better sanitation
D.
all of the above
7.
Which gas is most abundant in Earth's atmosphere?
A.
oxygen
B.
hydrogen
C.
nitrogen
D.
carbon dioxide
8.
Resources that can be replaced as fast or faster than they are being used are known as:
A. Renewable
B. finite
C. closed
D. non-renewable
9.
The amount of oxygen present in our atmosphere is:
A. 21%
B. 0.023%
C. 78%
D. 44%
The way we use concepts to build our understanding is known as:
A. system
B. resource
C. paradigm
D. paradigm shift
10.
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11.
The ability to meet the needs of the present generation without compromising the ability of future
generations to meet their needs is known as:
A. unsustainability
B. sustainability
C. paradigm
D. closed system
12.
The process that “nature” uses to recycle elements is known as:
A. infinite
B. geographical
C. geological
D. biological
13.
The lifezone of earth, including the lower part of the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and upper part of
Earth’s crust is known as:
A. terrestrial
B. biosphere
C. aquatic
D. habitat
14.
The variety of living organisms that inhabit Earth is known as:
A. ecology
B. biodiversity
C. trophic structure
D. food chains
15.
A testable proposal that explains an observation or question is know as:
A. hypothesis
B. ideas
C. paradigm
D. ecology
16.
A community of organisms and the physical environment where they live is known as:
A. terrestrial
B. aquatic
C. habitat
D. ecosystem
17.
The non-living factors which affect life in an ecosystem are known as:
A. symbiotic
B. mutualistic
C. biotc
D. abiotic
18.
Naturally occurring catalysts that are found in the body and help chemical reactions occur are
known as:
A. denatured
B. enzymes
C. oxygen
D. inorganic nutrients
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19.
Which organism is an ectotherm?
A. polar bear
B. whale
C. blue jay
D. iguana
20.
The chemical symbol for phosphate is:
A. PO43B. P3C. K+
D. PO34-
21.
The chemical symbol for nitrate is:
A. NO3B. NO3C. NH+
D. NH4+
22.
The chemical symbol for ammonium is:
A. NO3B. NO3C. NH+
D. NH4+
23.
A basic solution has a pH of:
A. 3
B. 7
C. 6
D. 12
24.
Water has a pH of:
A. 3
B. 7
C. 6
D. 12
25.
Which is an example of an abiotic factor:
A. Space
B. Mutualism
C. Predation
D. Disease
26.
This type of soil nutrient contains phosphates, nitrates, potassium and magnesium:
A. humus
B. organic
C. inorganic
D. acidic
27.
This is an example of a biotic factor:
A. disease
B. space
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C. temperature
D. acidity
28.
A symbiotic relationship where both organisms benefit is called:
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. parisitoidism
29.
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits but the other is not harmed and does not
benefit is called:
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. parisitoidism
30.
A symbiotic relationship where one organism benefits and the other is harmed (such as humans
and tapeworms) is called:
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. parisitoidism
31.
The example of a female wasp laying eggs on a spider after it is stung and paralyzed, is called:
A. mutualism
B. commensalism
C. parasitism
D. parisitoidism
32.
Of the 100% solar energy that is received on earth, how much of this energy is actually used for
photosynthesis?
A. 27%
B. 44%
C. 0.023%
D. 1%
33.
This is a biological process which uses solar energy to create sugars which is the universal food for
life:
A. combustion
B. photosynthesis
C. assimilation
D. cellular respiration
34.
If we look at our food chain, we would find that less DDT is present in:
A. primary producers
B. primary consumers
C. secondary consumers
D. tertiary consumers
35.
What is the process of breathing?
A. decomposition
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B. respiration
C. assimilation
D. excretion
36.
What means to “break up into parts”, rot, or putrefy?
A. decomposition
B. respiration
C. assimilation
D. excretion
37.
What means to release “waste matter” from the body?
A. decomposition
B. respiration
C. assimilation
D. excretion
38.
What means to be absorbed?
A. decomposition
B. respiration
C. assimilation
D. excretion
39.
What refers to traces of life embedded in rock or ice?
A. formation of sedimentary rock
B. erosion
C. weathering
D. fossilization
40.
Which method listed below will slow the rise in average global temperatures?
A. decrease carbon dioxide levels
B. increase atmospheric nitrogen
C. increase atmospheric water
D. decrease cloud cover
41.
The amount of nitrogen present in our atmosphere is:
A. 21%
B. 0.023%
C. 78%
D. 44%
47.
Which is not a biological process:
A. combustion of fossil fuels
B. assimilation
C. photosynthesis
D. cellular respiration
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48.
If organisms such as those in (d) were not present, what would happen to the organisms in (c)?
A.
B.
C.
D.
Their numbers would decline rapidly.
Their numbers would remain
Their numbers would increase
Their numbers would fluctuate
(go up and down or change
often).
unchanged.
rapidly.
49.
Which strategy would be the most effective in reducing pollution in the world today?
A. develop new technologies
B. pass laws governing pollution
C. decrease the size of the human population
D. deplete all fossil fuels
50.
Predict what would happen if the lizard population
shown in the figure died.
A. The plant population would boom.
B. The grasshopper population would boom.
C. Hawks would eat snakes as their only food
source.
D. Mice would die of starvation.
52. What is the relationship between wheat and grasshoppers?
A) The wheat produces oxygen that the grasshoppers consume.
B) Both consume carbon dioxide.
C) The wheat produces carbon dioxide and the grasshoppers consume oxygen.
D) None of the above
57.
How can you help solve the problem of global warming?
A. Plant trees.
B. Use wind to generate electricity.
C. Insulate your home
D. All of the above
Part 3: Fill in the blanks with the appropriate scientific terms. (40 points)
1. ___________Sunlight_________________ is the ultimate source of energy.
2. Organic soil nutrients contain _________Carbon________________ which is essential for life.
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3. __________Detritus_________________ refers to the decomposing plant and animal materials
including their dead bodies as well as their wastes.
4. ______Disease______________________ is the result of infection by fungi, bacteria, virus, and other
pathogens.
5. ______Reproduction______________________ is an example of a metabolic process.
6. We learned two additional scientific terms that we can use in place of “decomposers”. They are
_________Detritivores__________________ or _________Saprobes__________________.
7. _________Humus___________________ is the dark, rich soil that is created from the decomposition of
animal life and plant life.
8. To change the properties of proteins say by adding heat, is known as
_____denatured_____________________.
9. _______Scavengers___________________ are animals that eat food that has been killed and left
behind.
10. Organisms which are able to produce their own food, such as plants, are known as
_____Autotrophs_____________________ or _____________Producers______________.
11. ____92____________________________ is the number of elements that occur naturally on earth.
12. _______Albedo________________________ is a measure of the light reflected from an object.
13. _____Pests_________________________ are living organisms that are not wanted around us.
14. An example of a toxic inorganic pesticide is _______mercury or arsenic_______________________.
15. _______Biodegradable_______________________ means that a substance can be broken down by
organic action into its elements or components.
16. Modern pesticides designed by chemists were less harmful to the environment but were harmful to
living organism because they were fat ________soluble______________________.
17. What are the four elements that are recycled within our ecosystem? ____________carbon__________,
_____________nitrogen_________, ________hydrogen__________________, and
__________oxygen_____________.
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30.
The collection or accumulation of organic pesticides in fatty tissues is known as
_____Biomagnification or bioaccumulation_____________.
31.
_______Carbohydrates___________ is the universal food for life…another word for simple sugar?
32.
_______0.023%__________percent of solar energy is used for photosynthesis.
33.
______44%__________percent of solar energy is used to heat the earth’s atmosphere and
surface.
Part 4: Match the letter with the definition. Write the letter in the blank space. (12 points)
__B_____ 1. An organism in the first trophic level
A. fungus
__O_____ 2.An organism in the second trophic level
B. deer
___D____ 3. Energy can be lost as
C. food
__F,A_____ 4. An example of a detritivore
D. heat
__A,F_____ 5. An example of a decomposer
__I_____ 6. Too much CO2 in Earth's lower
atmosphere leads to this.
E. maple tree
F. worm
G. deforestation
____L___ 7. This is one way carbon enters atmosphere.
H. bacteria
__H_____ 8. This is an important type of organism involved in
I. greenhouse effect
the nitrogen cycle.
J. tapeworm
K. decomposition
L. producers
__L_____9. These help form carbohydrates by bringing carbon into
the food webs
M. eutrophication
N. Algal Blooms
O. Bear
Part 5: Short Answer Questions. Write your answers on the following blank page.
1. If your family declared a week in your home as "Sustainable Future Week," list at least three actions you
could take. (3 marks)
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2. Using the food chain below, calculate the amount of energy needed for each organism found on the
Sonoran Desert, in Tucson, Arizona. (8 points)
Prickly Pear Cactus
Lizard
Roadrunner
Organism
Energy Available
Energy Used in
Metabolism
Energy Stored in
Body Tissue
Prickly Pear
Cactus
4575 kJ
4117.5 kJ
457.50 kJ
Lizard
457.50 kJ
411.75 kJ
45.75 kJ
Roadrunner
45.75 kJ
41.175 kJ
4.575 kJ
3. Study this picture and suggest why DDT concentration in the eel is lower than in the silversides. Make
sure you define bioaccumulation or biomagnification in
your answer. (3 marks)
Depends on size/food consumption. The higher the trophic level the higher the concentration.
Review Questions for Unit Test...All in your notes
1. What is the difference between renewable and non-renewable resources?
2. Define paradigm and provide an example.
3. Our modern paradigm states 3 things. What are they?
4. Define closed system and explain why this applies to earth.
5. Define biosphere and give examples of organisms that live in the subsections.
6. Define biodiversity and explain why this is true of your ecosystem.
7. What is the difference between ecology and ecosystem?
8. What is the difference between biotic and abiotic factors?
9. What are the 6 abiotic factors? Explain each.
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10. What is the difference between ectotherms and endotherms? Give examples of each.
11. What is the difference between terrestrial and aquatic organisms? Provide examples of each.
12. What is the difference between inorganic and organic soil nutrients? How is their composition
different?
13. What is the difference between intra-specific and inter-specific competition?
14. What are the 5 biotic factors? Explain each.
15. What are the 5 types of symbiotic factors? Briefly define them, and provide examples.
16. Define trophic structure and list the five trophic levels.
17. Define the following terms:
a. Primary producers
b. Primary consumers
c. Secondary consumers
d. Tertiary Consumers
18. What is the difference between autotrophs and heterotrophs?
19. What are the 2 ways to classify carnivores?
20. What is the difference between scavengers and predators?
21. Why is the sun an important feature of our ecosystem?
22. Why is “food” necessary and how is it recycled within our trophic structure?
23. List 3 important points dealing with energy.
24. What are the 4 types of heterotrophs?
25. Explain the meaning of “pest”.
26. Describe the mechanisms of bioaccumulation caused by pesticide use (example DDT).
27. What does the acronym for DDT stand for?
28. Define and explain “fat soluble”.
29. What are the biogeochemical cycles?
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