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Transcript
Ocean Food Chains Teachers Guide Grade 4 Key Questions What are ocean food chains? How are ocean food chains organized? What are the major producers in the ocean ecosystem? What animals are at the top of ocean food chains? Key Concepts Phytoplankton (plant plankton) and kelp are the main producers at the beginning of ocean food chains. These producers get their energy from the sun. Ocean animals, from sea stars to fish to marine mammals, depend on plankton for survival. Ocean animals are consumers. They can be categorized as carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores. Description of Activity Through hands-on experiences, students discover the links and hierarchy of several ocean food chains. They retrieve samples of plankton from the ocean using scientific equipment. Microscopes and microviewers are used to identify producers and consumers among the specimens. Students also observe several animals feeding, including sea urchins, sea stars and crabs. By the end of the discovery lab, students are able to categorize and compare producers with herbivores and carnivores in the ocean ecosystem. Words to Know 02/2010 • carnivore • herbivore • consumer • omnivore • ecosystem • plankton • food chain • producer School and Teacher Services, Education Division Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History State Science Standards — Fourth Grade Life Sciences 2a. Students know plants are the primary source of matter and energy entering most food chains. 2b. Students know producers and consumers are related in food chains and food webs and may compete with each other for resources in an ecosystem. Pre-Visit Activities Activate Prior Knowledge: Have students discuss the following questions in pairs or small groups before taking class responses. What is a food chain? What ocean food chains do you already know about? What is the ocean’s most common and important producer? Build Background Knowledge through Literature: Read and discuss books about ocean food chains, ecosystems, and plankton. Suggested books are included in the Resources section of this guide. Extended Activities Design an Ocean Habitat: Have students participate in this online web quest to design an ocean habitat that has a sustainable food chain. www.nynetresources.org/Future%20Grant%20Projects/Projects/ocean/ocean.html Marine Food Web Matching Game: Have students play the online or print version of the Food Web Matching Game found at www.bigelow.org/edhab/fitting_algae.html#Activity. This webpage also provides information on the role of algae in ocean food webs and chains. Resources Books For teachers Dinwiddie, Robert. Ocean: The World’s Last Wilderness Revealed. New York: DK Adult, 2006. Hall, Derek. The Illustrated World Encyclopedia of Marine Fishes & Sea Creatures: A Natural History and Identification Guide to the Animal Life of the Deep Oceans, Open Seas, Shallow Waters, Saltwater Estuaries, and Shorelines Of The World. Dayton, OH: Lorenz, 2007. 02/2010 School and Teacher Services, Education Division Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History For students Capeci, Anne. Food Chain Frenzy. New York: Scholastic, 2004. Cerullo, Mary M. Sea Soup: Phytoplankton. Gardiner, ME: Tilbury House, Publishers, 1999. Cerullo, Mary M. Sea Soup: Zooplankton. Gardiner, ME: Tilbury House, Publishers, 2001. Hooks, Gwendolyn. Makers and Takers: Studying Food Webs in the Ocean. Rourke Publishing, 2008. Lynch, Emma. Ocean Food Chains. Chicago: Heinemann-Raintree, 2005. Mattern, Joanne. What Sea Animals Eat. New York: Gareth Stevens Publishing, 2006. Relf, Pat. The Magic School Bus Gets Eaten: A Book About Food Chains. New York: Scholastic Paperbacks, 1996. Spilsbury, Richard. Shark Snacks: Food Chains and Webs. Chicago: Heinemann-Raintree, 2007. Wojahn, Rebecca Hogue and Donald Wojahn. A Coral Reef Food Chain: A Who-Eats-What Adventure in the Caribbean Sea. New York: Lerner Publications, 2009. Websites Monterey Bay Aquarium www.montereybayaquarium.org/animals Search by species to learn more about the animals along the California coast. National Geographic Kids kids.nationalgeographic.com/Animals/CreatureFeature Search by habitat or species to locate photographs and fun facts about animals. Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History www.sbnature.org Find information regarding the Sea Center, the Mission Creek campus, and further exploration of Santa Barbara’s natural and cultural history. Sea World Animal Information www.seaworld.org/animal-info/index Track the latest animal arrivals at Sea World, listen to ocean animal sounds, and find both quick and in-depth information about ocean animals. School and Teacher Services, Education Division Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History