Download 1066 Battle of Hastings

1066 Battle of Hastings1000CE Vikings were invading France. They got permission from the king to settle in France with the
understanding that they would help to protect them from other Vikings and they would need to convert to
Catholicism. They were called Normans (North-men) and settled in Normandy. At the start of 1066, England
was ruled by Edward the Confessor. (Named this for his "saint-like lifestyle)When he died, he left no heir
Harold Godwinson, Earl of Wessex was Edward's leader of his army. He claimed that Edward wished (on his
deathbed he take the throne. In 1064, Harold was shipwrecked and captured of the coast of Normandy and
held captive until William of Normandy paid for his release. In order for Harold to return to England, he had to
support William's claim to be the next king of England. Two days after Edward's death, Harold was crowned
king. This enraged William. He would take the thrown by force. Harold and his forces were on a hill while
William and his army were at the foot. Even with this advantage, William won, killing Harold, becoming king
and earning the title "William the Conqueror."
The Crusades(Time line)
1st Crusade 1096-1099
2nd Crusade 1147-1149
3rd Crusade 1189-1192
4th Crusade 1201-1204
(The Children's Crusade 1202-1202)
5th Crusade 1218-1221
6th Crusade 1228-1229
7th Crusade 1248-1254
8th Crusade 1270
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns against the Muslims in the Middle East. In 1076, the
Muslims had captured Jerusalem, a holy place for Christians where many would make a pilgrimage. It was
also a very holy place for the Muslims as Muhammad had died there. The Christians fought to keep the travel
safe and to get it back while the Muslims fought to keep it. These wars lasted nearly 200 years. Pope Urban II
called for Christians
to fight in the war, stating that those who volunteered would go to heaven and be forgiven for their sins. Red
crosses sewn on their tunics they entered a Holy War. It was a very difficult and long journey that had to be
traveled by land (they did not control the ports) No one person was in charge and it was much disorganized. It
was a very savage time and many Jews and Muslims were slaughtered. They were successful with capturing
Jerusalem in the First Crusade but it did not end there. Many other unsuccessful crusades continued in an
attempt to rid the area of Muslims. Christians lost control to the Muslims but during this time, Europe gained
many goods and ideas from them.
Hundred Years War- (1337-1453)
A series of wars between England and France. William the Conqueror had united England with Normandy (in
France) and was ruled as both his own. Territories expanded, too difficult to control and England only rules
small portions of France. When King Philip IV dies with no heir, King Edward III of England claims he is the heir
to the French throne while others disagreed. This sent the two countries into a long battle. At first, the English
won some big battles, taking almost all of France. In the 1420's the French started to win under Joan of Arc
who believed she heard God speak to her, directing her to lead an army and regain France's throne. She was
captured by the English and burned alive in 1431 for heresy. The French continued to win the war in 1453
when King Henry the VI gave up.
Peasant's Revolt- (1381)
Most peasants were kept "in line" with a violent system of punishments. After the Black Death, many manors
were left short of workers. This enabled the peasants some power. They were sick of low wages, always
working on the churches' lands and high taxes.
They began throwing out tax collectors and law enforcements while organizing. Wat Tyler emerged as their
leader. They marched from Kent to London burning things down. King Richard II offered promises of better
working conditions then revoked them as he said
they were made under threat. Peasants up-roared and some taxes withdrawn, yet they had to go back to
working the land. They did however, earn better wages.