Download Becoming a World Power

Becoming a
World Power
United States History II
Mr. Morgan
1
Do Now!
• How would you describe a country
that is characterized as a world
power?
• Name 5 nations today that would be
characterized as a world power?
What world power qualities do
these nations possess?
2
What Defines a World Power?
• Economy
• Gross Domestic Product
• The monetary value of all the finished goods and services
produced within a country's borders in a specific time period,
though GDP is usually calculated on an annual basis.
http://www.investopedia.com/
• http://money.cnn.com/news/economy/world_economies_gdp/
• Political Influence
• Military Size
• http://247wallst.com/2011/04/14/the-ten-largest-military-powersin-the-world/3/
• Cultural Influence
• Population (when combined with other factors)
3
United States Post-Civil War
• Very little interest in expansion overseas
• Why?
•
•
•
•
•
Wounds of the Civil War still fresh
Promote an industrial economy
Grow cities
Progressive reforms
Settle western frontier
• Cost – Benefit Analysis
• Did benefits of expansion outweigh the costs of expansion?
• Isolationism vs. Expansionism debate
4
Isolationism & Expansionism
• Isolationism
• Definition: a policy whereby a nation’s interests are best
served if the nation secludes itself from other nations avoids
forming alliances with them
• Post-Revolutionary War era
• Monroe Doctrine
• Expansionism
• Definition: a policy whereby a nation’s interests are best
served if the nation expands its territory and political or
economic interests abroad.
• Manifest Destiny
5
American Expansionism
• Imperialism
• Defined: the policy in which stronger nations extend their
economic, political, or military control over weaker nations.
• 19th and 20th century trend
• Europe’s imperial success in Africa and Asia
• American motivation towards expansion
• Desire for military strength
• Expand markets for finished goods
• Symbol of cultural superiority
6
7
Do Now:
• Explain why a population would
rise up to overthrow a colonial
power?
8
On the Eve of War
• Let’s talk about Spain!
• Once a formidable empire (Columbus, Age of Discovery)
• Retained Cuba, Philippines, Guam, Puerto Rico
• United States interested in Cuba
• Annexation attempts fail (1850s)
• $150 million investment / trade in Cuba (Sugar)
• 1895: Cubans rebel against Spanish rule
• Spanish atrocities against the native Cuban population
• U.S. interest in revolution
• “Yellow journalism”
• William Randolph Hearst & Joseph Pulitzer
9
Do Now!
• What is the purpose of the news
media?
• What do you look for when reading
a current event article?
• How can you tell that the author of a
news story is projecting a bias or
fabricating the story?
10
Yellow Journalism: Yellow Press
• Sensational stories that are often biased or untrue
• Used to increase newspaper circulation & attract
attention
• Sinking of the U.S.S. Maine
• Sent to Cuba to protect American citizens and
property
• Destroyed by surprise explosion
• Yellow Press response?
• “Remember the Maine” became rally cry
• Blame pointed at Spain
• War declared April 20, 1898
11
The Spanish-American War
• War lasts four months: “a splendid little war”
• Battlefield stretched from the Caribbean to the Philippines
• Philippines = Spanish colony
• United States & Filipino rebels ally to expel Spanish rule
• Cuba
• Primarily a United States effort:
• “Put an end to the barbarities, bloodshed, starvation, and horrible
miseries” in Cuba
• Protect the lives and property of U.S. citizens living in Cuba
• Treaty of Paris: 1898
• Provided for Spanish withdrawal of Cuba
• U.S. gained Puerto Rico and Guam
• U.S. paid Spain $20 million for Philippines
12
The Fruits of Victory
• Victorious America gains Cuba, Puerto Rico, & Philippines
• For Cuba: “bring you protection, not only to yourselves, but to
your property, to promote your prosperity, and to bestow upon
you the immunities and blessings of the liberal institutions of
our government.”
• Ruling Cuba (Considered a “Protectorate”)
• Platt Amendment: A law passed by the United States that was
to be included in Cuba’s new Constitution
• Gave the U.S. authority to intervene in Cuba’s affairs to preserve
its independence
• Prevented Cuba from forming treaties with foreign nations
• Required Cuba to sell or lease land to U.S. Navy (Guantanamo
Bay)
• Expansionists & Isolationists respond
13
14
American Expansion
• Recognition of U.S. power
• Americans united behind military success
• Europeans recognize the U.S. as a first-rate power
• Americans take on a larger role in international affairs
• Annexation of the Philippines ($20 million)
• Concerns associated with annexation
• Open Door Policy in China
• All nations allowed equal access to Chinese trade
• Boxer Rebellion (1900)
• Theodore Roosevelt (1901)
• Succeeded McKinley after his assassination by an anarchist
• “Speak softly and carry a big stick” foreign policy
• Supported the building of the Panama canal
15
16
17
The Panama Canal
• A MAN A PLAN A CANAL – PANAMA
• Theodore Roosevelt
• Canal: Long an interest of the United States
• Shorter route = lower cost of transporting goods
• Lessons learned from Spanish –American War
• U.S. Naval fleet needed greater mobility
• Need to protect our new empire
• Promote commerce between Atlantic coast
and Asia
18