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Transcript
Scope and Sequence for Classifying Matter Science Technology -search for knowledge -“understanding” -how we use the knowledge – application -“using” Matter -has mass and takes up space -made up of atoms -name something you can see that isn’t made of matter – a shadow -If it isn’t matter then it is energy – chemistry concentrates more on matter and physics concentrates more on energy. We will do some of both but more chemistry. Atom -smallest particle of an element that has the properties of the element States of Matter -fill in chart from overhead – solid, liquid, gas -use Petri dishes with BBs to illustrate packing and mobility Plasma -ionized gas -electrons stripped from nucleus -occurs at very high temperatures -mixture of neutral atoms, free electrons, and charged ions -examples: sun, star, lightning through atmosphere States of Matter State Volume Shape Packing of particles Solid Liquid Gas Definite Definite Indefinite Definite Indefinite Indefinite Tight Loose Copyright © 2010, ASM International. All Rights Reserved. Particle mobility Least Most Boiling/ evaporation melting Solid Liquid Gas freezing condensation increasing energy Question for students: Where would plasma fit in the diagram? Types of Matter -Start w/ the Flinn “Nuts, Bolts, and Washers” Activity (See instructions and notes on Flinn Fax) -Notes: Element -one kind of atom Compound -2 or more elements chemically combined Mixture 2 or more substances physically combined -properties different from elements making it up -components can retain some of their properties -over 100 -elements combine in definite ratios -mixed in any ratio -represented by symbols -represented by formulas -no formula -examples: Sulfur – S Gold – Au Zinc – Zn -examples: water – H2O salt – NaCl carbon dioxide – CO2 -examples: salt water bronze kool-aid -basic building blocks -on periodic table -make up everything Copyright © 2010, ASM International. All Rights Reserved. fruit jello brass Types of Elements Metals Nonmetals Metalloids (semimetals) -left side -right side -on border between metals and nonmetals (stairstep line) -most numerous -fewest # of elements -solids -all 3 states -solids -lustrous -not lustrous (dull) -intermediate properties -conductors -tend not to be conductors -workable -brittle Ask students to provide examples of each Demo – Cu, Al, graphite, sulfur, silicon conductivity (use meter), luster, workability/brittleness Types of Structure Put BB board on overhead. Ask for a student volunteer to go to the board and circle 2 regions that have different types of structure. Discuss their differences. Crystalline -orderly arrangement of particles -repeating pattern -predictable Amorphous -random arrangement of particles -no repeating pattern -not predictable Use overhead to show a diagram of each. Have them copy it into their journal. Use a heat gun and HDPE jug to illustrate the differences between amorphous and crystalline Copyright © 2010, ASM International. All Rights Reserved.