Download **Study all vocabulary terms!!** 1. Explain why people look like their

Biology Inheritance Unit Test Study Guide
Name: _____________
**Study all vocabulary terms!!**
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Explain why people look like their parents. (Use ALL information we have discussed!)
Explain why siblings do not look the same, even if they come from the same parents.
Explain what DNA is. (Parts, what bonds with what, what is codes for)
Describe how the structure of DNA was discovered. (who was involved, what did they do?)
Explain how and why DNA replicates.
Compare and Contrast DNA and RNA.
Describe how a gene in DNA becomes a protein. Use the following words: Gene DNA,
mRNA,cytoplasm, nuclear pore, nucleus, ribosome, rRNA, amino acid, mRNA, tRNA, codons, protein,
translation, transcription, protein synthesis.
8. Be able to transcribe and translate a Gene into a protein using base pairing and the codon wheel.
9. Summarize crossing over and why is it important.
10. What are gametes?
11. Explain why gametes have half the regular number of chromosomes?
12. The chromosomes of a diploid cell can be compared to a collection of shoes in a closet. In what way
are shoes similar to chromosomes? Explain your answer!
13. Differentiate between diploid and haploid.
14. How many pairs of chromosomes does a human skin cell have?
15. How many pairs of chromosomes does a human sperm cell have?
16. How many cells are produced from meiosis?
17. What happens to the chromosome number during meiosis?
18. Explain what happens to a DNA sequence and what happens to the amino acid sequence when a
substitution occurs.
19. Explain what happens to a DNA sequence and what happens to the amino acid sequence when an
insertion occurs.
20. What causes a mutation?
21. Explain how a mutation might be helpful to an organism.
22. A geneticist found that a particular mutation had no effect on the protein coded by a gene. Explain
how this is possible.
23. Define homozygous.
24. Define heterozygous.
25. Differentiate between phenotype and genotype.
26. Know the terms purebred, true-breeding, hybrid and what they mean.
27. What is incomplete dominance? Give an example.
28. If a pea plant that is heterozygous for round, yellow peas (RrYy) is crossed with a pea plant that is
homozygous for round peas but heterozygous for yellow peas (RRYy), how many different phenotypes
are their offspring expected to show?
29. Crossing a snapdragon that has red flowers with one that has white flowers produces a snapdragon
that has pink flowers. The trait for flower color exhibits
30. If you cross a homozygous tall plant with a short plant, What % of the offspring will be short?
31. Woodrats are medium sized rodents with lots of interesting behaviors. You may know them as
packrats. Let’s assume that the trait of bringing home shiny objects (H) is controlled by a single gene
and is dominant to the trait of carrying home only dull objects (h). Suppose two heterozygous
individuals are crossed. Assume only 4 offspring are made. What % of woodrats will bring home shiny,
what % will bring home dull?
32. In pea plants, the allele for tall plants (T) is dominant to the allele for short plants (t). You observe
that the offspring of a cross include 78 tall plants and 27 short plants.
1) What was the probable allele combination of the two parent plants?
2) How would your answer change if the offspring included 121 tall plants and 118 short plants?
33. A cross between two organisms heterozygous for two different genes (AaBb) results in a 9 : 3 : 3 : 1
phenotype ratio among the offspring. Is the offspring’s genotype ratio the same? Explain your answer.
34. You wish to determine whether a tall pea plant is homozygous or heterozygous for tallness. What
cross should you perform to arrive at your answer? Explain your choice of cross. What is this type of
cross called?
35. A pea plant heterozygous for height and seed color (TtYy) is crossed with a pea plant heterozygous for
height but homozygous recessive for seed color (Ttyy). If 80 offspring are produced, how many are
expected to be tall and have yellow seeds?
36. Explain why most sex-linked disorders more common in males?
37. Be able to do a sex-linked problem.
38. Be able to do monohybrid and dihybrid crosses with Punnett Squares and answer genotypic and
phenotypic ratio questions.
USING SCIENCE SKILLS
39. Inferring In Figure 10-4, what is the genotype of the pink-flowered snapdragons?
40. Inferring What do the letters R and I represent in Figure 10-4?
41. Inferring In Figure 10-4, what is the genotype of the red-flowered snapdragons?
42. Inferring Explain whether the alleles in Figure 10-4 show dominance, intermediate inheritance, or
codominance.
43. Predicting According to Figure 10-4, if red-flowered snapdragons and ivory-flowered snapdragons are
crossed, what percentage of their offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered?
44. Predicting According to Figure 10-4, if two pink-flowered snapdragons are crossed, what percentage
of their offspring would be expected to be pink-flowered?
**Anything we studied is Fair Game!!**
INHERITANCE UNIT TEST
FRIDAY FEB 28!