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TEACHERGUIDE
DissectiononDemand:TheHeart
60-MinuteHealth&
LifeScienceLesson
InteractiveVideoConference
Grades: 6 – 1 2 DissectiononDemand:TheHeart
Description
Your heart keeps your entire body nourished
with oxygenand nutrients,buthow muchdo
you reallyknow about thisvital organ?Heart
diseaseis thenumber one causeof mortality
in the United States! This program stresses
theimportanceofcardiovascularhealth,using
dissection of a preserved sheep heart to
review cardiac anatomy, function, and
coronary diseases. Real human organ
specimens will be displayed for comparison
withanimalsamples.
Objectives
• Identifyheartanatomyandphysiology.
• Practicesafedissectiontechniqueswith
professionalinstruments.
• Compareanimalheartanatomytothat
ofpreservedhumanspecimens.
• Discusswaystokeepthecardiovascular
systemsafeandhealthy.
• Studentswilltesttheirown
cardiovascularfunctionswithclassroom
activities.
Ohio’sLearningStandards
Grade6:LifeScience-CellulartoMulticellular
• Cellsarethefundamentalunitoflife.
• Cellscarryonspecificfunctionsthatsustainlife.
• Livingsystemsatalllevelsoforganizationdemonstratethecomplementarynatureof
structureandfunction.
HighSchool:Biology:Cells
• Cellularprocesses(characteristicsofliferegulatedbycellularprocesses).
NationalHealthEducationStandards
Grade6-8:Standard1
• Studentswillcomprehendconceptsrelatedtohealthpromotionanddisease
preventiontoenhancehealth.
Grades9-12:Standard1
• Studentswillcomprehendconceptsrelatedtohealthpromotionanddisease
preventiontoenhancehealth.
BeforeYourProgram&HowtoSetUpYourRoom
Option1:Classparticipation
• Teachersarewelcometoobtainsheephearts&dissectionequipment,andhaveour
educatorguidethestudentsinbothdissectiontechniqueandanatomicalidentification.
Werecommendnomorethan2studentsineachdissectionteam.
o Ifclasswillbeparticipatinginthedissectionpleasemakesureheartspecimensare
orderedandwillarrivepriortoprogram.Pleasehavestudentsalreadyseparated
intopairsandpreparedwithalldissectiontools.
Option2:Classobservation
• Ifyourstudentsareobservingourdissection,wewillengagethemwithphysicalexam
skills,includingtakingapulseandtestinghealthyarterialflow.Thereisadiagramof
internalheartanatomyattheendofthisguide;studentsmaycopythisanduseitfor
notesduringtheprogram.
o UsethevocabularyandadditionalresourcesprovidedinthisTeacherGuideto
previeworreviewprogramcontentwithyourclass
Vocabulary
aorta-thelargestarteryofthebody,sendingbloodfromthehearttotherestofthebody.
atrium(atria)-thesuperiorchambersoftheheart,receivingbloodfromveinsandsendingblood
downtotheventricles.
artery-amuscularbloodvesselthattakesbloodawayfromtheheart.
blood-afluidtissuethattransportsvitalcomponentsthroughoutanorganism.
bloodpressure-theamountofforcethatisexertedonabloodvesselwallbyblood.
capillary-thesmallestbloodvesselsinthebody,wheremicroscopiccomponentsaretransferred
betweenthebloodandthebody’scells.
cardiacmuscle-aspecialtypeofstriatedmusclefoundintheheartthatisabletocoordinate
regularrhythmiccontractionsthroughelectrochemicalsignals.
cardiovascular(circulatory)system-thesystemofthebodycomposedoftheheartandblood
vessels,meantodelivervitalcomponenttoandfromallthecellsofthebody.
cell-thesmallestunitoflifeinalllivingorganisms.
chamber-alargecompartmentwithintheheart-mammalheartsarecomposedoffour
chambers-twoatriaandtwoventricles.
cholesterol-abiochemicalcomponentthatisvitaltomanystructuresinanimalcells,butcanalso
createplaqueinmajorarteriesleadingtorestrictionofbloodflowtoendorgans.
coronaryartery-arteriesbranchingfromtheaortathatfeedthecellsoftheheart.
heart-amuscularorganthatpumpsbloodthroughthelungsandtotherestofthebody.
heartattack-damagetotheheartduetolowoxygenation,usuallyfrompoorbloodflowfroma
diseasedcoronaryartery.
heartrate-howfrequentlyaheartbeatsperminute.
hypertension-havingbloodpressurethatistoohigh,whichisariskfactorforheartdisease,
strokesandothervascularpathologies.
hypotension-havingbloodpressurethatistoolow,whichcanresultinendorgansbeing
deprivedofoxygenandothervitalcomponents.
lungs-organsthatprovideairexchangefortheblood.
muscle-acontractiletissuethatprovidesthecapabilityofmovement.
oxygen-agasthatisrequiredinanimalsforcellularrespirationtomakeenergy.
plaque-ablockageontheinnerlininofarterialwallsthatcanpreventbloodflowtoendorgans.
pulse-aregularbeatthatcanbefeltontheheartoritsarteries.
valve-aflapthatallowsone-waymovementofafluidsuchasbloodthroughtheheartorveins.
venacava-thelargestveinsofthebody,returningbloodfromthebodyandheadtotheheart.
ventricle-theinferiormuscularchambersofaheatthatareusedtopumpbloodthougharteries.
ExtensionActivities
1) HeartRateStudies.Studentscanmeasuretheirrestingheartrates(countthenumberof
beats in one minute) and take a class average. Try experiments to see how different
situation affect heart rate- exercise (try more than one kind!), lying down, meditation,
reading,eating,etc.Doestimeofdayaffectheartrate?Dostudentheartratesdifferfrom
theirparentsorteachers?
2) FamilyHistory&RiskFactors
a. Discusswiththeclassvariousriskfactorsthatareassociatedwithheartdisease.
b. Ask for student volunteers who are comfortable with the topic to research if
anyoneintheirfamilyhashadaheartattackorastroke,andifthoseindividuals
engagedinanyriskfactorsdiscussedwiththeclass.
c. Use the volunteers’ research to decide what percentage of the group has close
relatives with these cardiovascular diseases, and how many might be linked to
specificbehaviorsand/orchoices.
d. Have students research ways to reduce risks of coronary disease, and the
differencebetweengeneticandenvironmentallylinkedhealthissues.
OnlineResourcesforTeachersandStudents
Clickthelinkbelowtofindadditionalonlineresourcesforteachersandstudents.
These websites are recommended by our Museum Educators and provide additional content
informationandsomefun,interactiveactivitiestosharewithyourclass.
CMNHEducatorsregularlyreviewtheselinksforquality.Webaddressesoftenchangesoplease
notifyusifanylinkshaveissues.
• ClevelandMuseumofNaturalHistoryhttps://cmnh.org/edlinks