Download personality (5)

Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
EMOTION (3)
13-1
513-515, 519-523
Theories of Emotion: James-Lange Theory, Cannon-Bard Theory, Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory, Zajonc, Le Doux, LazarusUnconscious Cognitive Appraisal
1. Identify the three components of emotion, and contrast the James-Lange and Cannon-Bard theories of emotion.
2. Describe Schachter’s two-factor theory of emotion, and discuss evidence suggesting that some emotional reactions
involve no conscious thought.
3. Describe how emotions can be differentiated along the dimensions of valence and arousal level.
13-2
516-519, 523-532
Physiology and Emotion: Sympathetic, Parasympathetic; Specific Emotions, Polygraphs, Nonverbal Communication, Emotion
Detection, Universal Expressions, Effects of Facial Expressions, Ekman’s Facial Feedback Theory
4. Describe the physiological changes that occur during emotional arousal, and discuss the relationship between
arousal and performance.
5. Describe the relationship between physiological states and specific emotions, and discuss the effectiveness of the
polygraph in detecting lies.
6. Describe some nonverbal indicators of emotion, and discuss the extent to which people from different cultures
display and interpret facial expressions of emotion in a similar manner.
7. Describe the effects of facial expressions on emotional experience.
13-3
532-547
Fear, Anger, Happiness, Adaptation-Level Phenomenon, Relative Deprivation, Cross-Cultural Predictors of Happiness
8. Discuss the significance of biological and environmental factors in the acquisition of fear.
9. Discuss the catharsis hypothesis, and identify some of the advantages and disadvantages of openly expressing
anger.
10. Identify some potential causes and consequences of happiness, and describe how happiness is influenced by our
own prior experiences and by others’ attainments.
SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY (5)
18-1
723-730
Social Thinking, Attribution Theory, Cognitive Dissonance, Cognitive Dissonance Theory, Leon Festinger, Social Roles
1. Describe the importance of attribution in social behavior and the dangers of the fundamental attribution error.
2. Identify the conditions under which attitudes have a strong impact on actions.
3. Explain the foot-in-the-door phenomenon and the effect of role playing on attitudes in terms of cognitive dissonance
theory.
18-2
730-742
Social Influence: Conformity, Obedience, Group Influence-Normative v Informational Social Inf, Group Behavior, Asch, Milgram,
Zimbardo, Social Facilitation v Social Impairment, Tripplett, Social Loafing, Deindividuation, Group Polarization, Groupthink,
Janis
4. Discuss the results of experiments on conformity, and distinguish between normative and
informational social influence.
5. Describe Milgram’s controversial experiments on obedience, and discuss their implications for understanding our
susceptibility to social influence.
6. Describe conditions in which the presence of others is likely to result in social facilitation, social loafing, or
deindividuation.
7. Discuss how group interaction can facilitate group polarization and groupthink, and describe how minority influence
illustrates the power of individuals.
Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
18-3
742-756
Social Relations: Prejudice, Stereotypes, Ingroup v. Outgroup, Ingroup Bias, Scapegoat Theory of Prejudices, Cognitive Roots
of Prejudice- Categorization, Vivid Cases, Just-World Phenomenon, Aggression- Biological Roots, Frustration-Aggression
Principle, Media and Society Influences
8. Describe the social, emotional, and cognitive factors that contribute to the persistence of cultural, ethnic, and
gender prejudice and discrimination.
9. Describe the impact of biological factors, aversive events, and learning experiences on aggressive behavior.
10. Discuss the effects of pornography and violent video games on social attitudes and behavior.
18-4
756-764
Social Relations: Conflict, Social Traps/ Prisoner’s Dilemma, Attraction, Companionate v Compassionate Love
11. Explain how social traps and mirror-image perceptions fuel social conflict.
12. Describe the influence of proximity, physical attractiveness, and similarity on interpersonal
attraction.
13. Explain the impact of physical arousal on passionate love, and discuss how companionate love is nurtured by
equity and self-disclosure.
18-5
764-771
Social Relations: Altruism, Bystander Intervention, Darley and Latane, Kitty Genovese Case, Bystander Effect, Social
Exchange Theory, Peacemaking-Superordinate Goals, GRIT
14. Describe and explain the bystander effect, and explain altruistic behavior in terms of social exchange theory and
social norms.
15. Discuss effective ways of encouraging peaceful cooperation and reducing social conflict.
PERSONALITY (5)
15-1
595-602
Historical Perspectives on Personality: The Psychoanalytic Perspective, Techniques in Psychoanalysis, Personality Structure,
Psychosexual Stages of Development, Defense Mechanisms
1. Describe what is meant by personality, and explain how Freud’s treatment of psychological disorders led to his
study of the unconscious.
2. Describe Freud’s view of personality structure in terms of the interactions of the id, ego, and superego.
3. Identify Freud’s psychosexual stages of development, and describe the effects of fixation on behavior.
4. Discuss how defense mechanisms serve to protect the individual from anxiety.
15-2
602-612
Historical Perspectives on Personality: Projective Tests, Neofreudians, Jung, Adler, Horney, Issues w/ Psychoanalytic
Theory; Humanistic Perspective-Maslow, Rogers, Self-Actualization, UPR, Issues w/ Hum
5. Explain how projective tests are used to assess personality.
6. Discuss the contributions of the neo-Freudians, and describe the shortcomings of Freud’s ideas.
7. Describe the humanistic perspective on personality in terms of Maslow’s focus on self-actualization and Rogers’
emphasis on people’s potential for growth.
8 Describe humanistic psychologists’ approach to personality assessment, and discuss criticisms of the humanistic
perspective.
Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
15-3
613-623
Contemporary Research on Personality: Trait Perspective, Allport, Eyesenck, Myers-Briggs, MMPI, “The Big Five Personality
Factors,” “The Barnum Effect,” Strengths & Weaknesses of Trait Perspective
9. Discuss psychologists’ descriptions of personality types, and describe research efforts to identify fundamental
personality traits.
10. Explain how personality inventories are used to assess traits, and identify the “Big Five”
personality dimensions.
11. Discuss research regarding the consistency of behavior over time and across situations.
15-4
623-631
Social-Cognitive Perspective: Bandura, Reciprocal Determinism, Seligman, Locus of Control, Learned Helplessness
12. Describe the social-cognitive perspective on personality, and discuss the important consequences of personal
control, learned helplessness, and optimism.
13. Describe how social-cognitive researchers assess behavior in realistic situations and evaluate the social-cognitive
perspective on personality.
15-5
631-636
Exploring the Self: Spotlight Effect, Self-Esteem, Self-Serving Bias, Cultural Differences: Individualism v Collectivism, The
Modern Unconscious Mind: Terror Management Theory
14. Describe psychology’s interest in people’s self, and discuss the benefits and liabilities of self-esteem and selfserving pride.
15. Describe the impact of individualism and collectivism on self-identity and social relations.
16. Identify examples of nonconscious information processing highlighted by contemporary research.
DEVELOPMENTAL/ LIFESPAN (6)
3-1
95-104
Behavior Genetics: Twin & Adoption Studies, Overview of Nature v. Nurture
1. Describe how twin and adoption studies help us differentiate hereditary and environmental influences on human
traits.
2. Discuss how differences in infant temperament illustrate the effect of heredity on development.
3. Describe how behavior geneticists estimate trait heritability, and discuss the interaction of genetic and
environmental influences.
4-1
139-146
Prenatal & Neonatal Development, Infancy & Childhood: Teratogens, Infant Cognition, Biological Maturation
1. Discuss the course of prenatal development and the destructive impact of teratogens.
2. Describe the capacities of the newborn and the use of habituation for assessing infant cognition.
3. Discuss the impact of physical maturation on infants’ memory capabilities and motor skills.
4-2
147-154
Cognitive Development: Schemas, Assimilation, Piaget’s Stages of Development, Theory of Mind, Autism
4. Describe Piaget’s view of how the mind develops, and discuss his stage theory of cognitive development, noting
current thinking regarding cognitive stages.
Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
4-3
154-164
Social Development: Stranger Anxiety, Attachment, Harlow, Critical Period, Imprinting, Parenting Styles, Erikson, Basic Trust,
Attachment Styles, Self-Concept
5. Discuss the impact of body contact, familiarity, and responsive parenting on infant social attachments.
6. Describe the benefits of a secure attachment and the impact of parental neglect and separation as well as day care
on childhood development.
7. Describe the early development of a self-concept and discuss possible effects of different parenting styles on
children.
4-4
164-175
Adolescence: Physical, Cognitive, Social & Moral Development, Erikson’s Stages of Psychosexual Development, Kohlberg’s
Theory of Moral Reasoning, Intimacy
8. Define adolescence and identify the major physical changes that occur during this period of life.
9. Describe adolescents’ growing reasoning power, and discuss specific ways in which moral behavior is affected by
moral reasoning, emotional intuitions, and social influences.
10. Discuss the search for identity and the development of intimate social relationships during the adolescent years.
4-5
175-194
Adulthood: Physical and Cognitive Changes, Cross-Sectional v Longitudinal Studies, Reflections on Stability v. Change,
Continuity v Stages, Kubler-Ross Stages of Death & Dying
11. Identify the major physical changes that occur in middle and older adulthood.
12. Describe the impact of aging on adult memory and intelligence.
13. Explain why the path of adult development need not be tightly linked to one’s chronological age.
14. Discuss the importance of family and work commitments in adult development.
15. Describe people’s life satisfaction across the life span and their reactions to death or the prospect of dying.
16. Summarize current views regarding continuity versus discontinuity and stability versus change in lifelong
development.
ABNORMAL: DISORDERS (4)
16-1
639-649
Perspectives on Psychological Disorders: Medical Model, Pinel, Bio-Psycho-Social Perspective, DSM-IV, Diagnostic Labeling
Rosenhan
1. Identify the criteria for judging whether behavior is psychologically disordered.
2. Describe the medical model of psychological disorders, and discuss the bio-psycho-social perspective offered by
critics of this model.
3. Describe the aims of DSM-IV and discuss the potential dangers associated with the use of
diagnostic labels.
16-2
649-657
Anxiety Disorders: GAD, Panic Disorder, Phobias, OCD, Learning/ Behavioral Perspective on Anxiety Disorders, Biological
Perspective on Anxiety Disorders
4. Describe the symptoms of generalized anxiety disorder, phobias, and obsessive-compulsive
disorder.
5. Explain the development of anxiety disorders from both a learning and a biological perspective.
5. Explain the development of anxiety disorders from both a learning and a biological perspective.
Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
16-3
658-669
Mood Disorders: Major Depressive Disorder, Bipolar Disorder, Trends, Biological Perspective on Mood Disorders, SocialCognitive Perspective on Mood Disorders
6. Describe major depressive disorder and bipolar disorder.
7. Explain the development of mood disorders, paying special attention to the biological and social-cognitive
perspectives.
16-4
669-677
Schizophrenia: Symptoms, Subtypes, Biological and Psychological Factors; Personality Disorders; Prevalence of Psych
Disorders
7. Explain the development of mood disorders, paying special attention to the biological and social-cognitive
perspectives.
9. Describe the various symptoms and types of schizophrenia, and discuss research on its causes.
10. Describe the nature of personality disorders, focusing on the characteristics of the antisocial personality disorder.
8. Describe the characteristics and possible causes of dissociative identity disorder.
11. Describe the prevalence of various disorders and the timing of their onset.
ABNORMAL: THERAPIES (4)
17-1
685-690
Psychological Therapies: Dix, Psychoanalysis - Methods, Psychodynamic Therapy; Humanistic-Cilent Centered Therapy,
Active Listening
1. Discuss the aims and methods of psychoanalysis, and explain the critics’ concerns with this form of therapy, noting
how psychodynamic therapists have tried to answer the criticisms.
2. Identify basic characteristics of the humanistic therapies and the specific goals and techniques of client-centered
therapy.
17-2
690-700
Behavior Therapies: Classical Conditioning Therapies-Counterconditioning (Exposure Therapies--Systematic Desensitization,
Vrtual Reality Exposure Therapy; Aversive Conditioning), Operant Conditioning Therapy-Token Economy, Cognitive Therapy,
CBT, Group & Family Therapy
3. Identify the basic assumptions of behavior therapy, and discuss the classical conditioning
techniques of systematic desensitization and aversive conditioning.
4. Describe therapeutic applications of operant conditioning principles, and explain the critics’
concerns with this behavior modification process.
5. Describe the assumptions and goals of the cognitive therapies and their application to the
treatment of depression.
6. Describe the rationale and benefits of group therapy, including family therapy.
17-3
700-710
Evaluating Psychotherapy: Effectiveness of Psychotherapy, Meta-Analysis, Alternative Therapies: Therapeutic Touch,
EMDR, Light Exposure Therapy, Commonalities of Therapies, Types of Therapists
7. Discuss the findings regarding the effectiveness of the psychotherapies, and explain why
ineffective therapies are often mistakenly perceived to be of value.
8. Describe the commonalities among the psychotherapies, and discuss the role of values and
cultural differences in the psychotherapeutic process.
Syllabus - Mr. Cline’s 2ND Semester Psychology Daily Content and Objectives
17-4
711-720
Biomedical Therapies: Drug Therapies-Anitpsychotics, Antianxiety Drugs, Antidepressants, Mood Stabilizers-lithium, ECT,
Psychosurgery-lobotomy
9. Identify the common forms of drug therapy.
10. Describe the use of electroconvulsive therapy and psychosurgery in the treatment of psychological disorders.
Cumulative Exam and Exam Review
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