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Biology 1210 Additional Study Questions #2 (Chps 3 & 4) 1. Matching: (answers can be used more than once, can be more than one answer) a. Ionic bonds ___ strongest bonds b. Covalent bonds ___ weakest bonds c. Hydrogen bonds ___ bonding that gives water it’s unique properties ___ is indicated by a solid line (C-H) ___ is indicated by a dashed line (O---H) ___ is the bonding that holds table salt together ___ bonding that allows DNA to separate during replication ___ forms when atoms are attracted to each other by opposite electrical charges ___ forms when molecules are attracted to each other because of partial charges ___ type of bonds that can be found in a glass of water 2. Use the information below and your knowledge about ions and how they dissolve in water to identify molecules A and B. (Yes you know enough to figure this out!) a. A molecule with 11 electrons is molecule _____ b. A molecule with 17 electrons is molecule _____ Water molecule A B 3. Explain the endosymbiotic theory. What organelles are said to have evolved by these means? List some of the evidence that supports the endosymbiotic theory of mitochondria. 4. Compare and contrast: a. Chromosome/chromatin b. Nucleus/nucleoid region c. Pinocytosis/Phagocytosis d. Pinocytosis/receptor mediated endocytosis 5. What parts of animal cells contribute to its movement. a. cilia e. surface proteins b. nucleus f. flagella c. ribosomes g. golgi complex d. cytoskeleton 6. Fill in the blanks using figure 4.28 (osmotic pressure in a red blood cell). a. Cell A is ___________in comparison to the fluid it is in. b. If cell A takes on water and becomes like cell B, it can be said that the cell is __________in comparison to its environment. c. If cell B loses water and becomes like cell A, it can be said that cell B has more/less solutes than its environment. 7. Analogies can be helpful in learning and understanding a new topic. Think of the cell as a chemical factory, and the nucleus as the central office or control center. Can you compare the other parts of a cell to the parts of a factory? What might be the factory doors? The power plant? The warehouse? Shipping and receiving? Recycling plant etc 8. Which amino acids are most likely to be found in each section of this transmembrane protein. Why? Phenylalanine (non-polar) Asparagine (polar) Section A:________ Section B:________ Protein Section C:________ A B C Plasma membrane 9. Compare and contrast carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. There are many ways to do this…here is a start on one method. carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids which atoms? hydrogen bonds? ionic bonds? covalent bonds? hydrophilic? hydrophobic? polymers? what monomers? example 10. a. Follow the pathway of a digestive enzyme by putting the following in order. ___digest vacuole contents ___releases monomers ___dumped into vacuole ___rough ER ___Golgi _1_nucleus (gene is transcribed into mRNA) ___lysosome ___transport vesicle b. What would happen if the digestive enzyme leaked out of the lysosome and into the cell? 11. Compare and contrast chloroplast mitochondria found in what organisms carries out what process converts energy of… into chemical energy in… 12. Match the following. Answers can be used more than once. a. nucleus b. transport vesicle c. central vacuole d. smooth ER e. lysosome f. Golgi apparatus g. rough ER h. contractile vacuole i. ribosome ___lipids manufactured here ___small structure that makes proteins ___contains chromatin ___sac of enzymes that digest things ___carries secretions for export from cell ___breaks down drugs and toxins in liver ___makes cell membranes ___cell control center ___numerous ribosomes give it its name ___'ships' products to plasma membrane, outside cell or other organelles ___may store water, chemicals, waste, pigments ___buds off from Golgi apparatus ___proteins made here for secretion from cell ___ pumps out excess water from some cells ___takes in transport vesicles from ER and modifies their contents ___digests food, wastes, foreign substances ___how proteins and other substance get from ER to Golgi apparatus