Download Earth Outline

Name ________________ # ___
Changing Earth Study Guide
I.
Journey to the Center of the Earth (C14)
a. The Earth has _________ layers.
b. Write the number of the definition to each vocabulary word.
crust ______
1. solid because of extreme pressure, the hottest layer
mantle ______
2. made of rock, the part scientists know the most about
outer core ______
3. liquid rock, very, very hot
inner core ______
4. soft rock, like melted candy, this part sometimes reaches
the Earth’s surface through volcanoes
Label the layers of the Earth
II.
Plate Tectonics (C15)
a. The theory of ______________ _______________states that the Earth’s crust is not a
single piece, but is actually 12 large pieces called plates.
b. Scientists believe that ___________cause the plates to move across the Earth’s
surface.
c. A _____________is a large crack in the Earth’s crust. This is where
_________________ can occur.
d. There are three different types of boundaries between plates. They are named based
on how they move.
 _________________ boundaries – when two plates collide
 _________________ boundaries – two plates moving in opposite directions
 _________________ boundaries – two plates are sliding past each other
III.
Volcanoes (C16-17)
a. A volcano is any opening in the Earth’s ___________ that allows hot
__________, _____________ , and _________ __________to pass through
into the______________________.
b. What two things cause rock to melt? _____________ and __________
c. Melted rock found INSIDE the volcano is called _______________.
d. When this melted rock reaches the surface, it is called ___________ .
e. The opening in the Earth’s crust is called the ________________ __________.
IV. Mountains, Volcanoes, and Earthquakes (C16-18)
a. MOUNTAINS: The highest mountains form where ________________ plates
collide.
b. When continental and oceanic plates collide, the continental plate moves over
the oceanic plate. The _______________Mountains were formed this way.
c. Some mountains form where ________________from movement at the boundaries
push rock upward. This pressure forms at the middle of the plates.
d. Sometimes plates pull apart and leave big gaps. Magma can bubble to the surface and
cause mountains to form under the ocean.
e. VOLCANOES: When ___________collide, chains of volcanoes can form.
f. Sometimes they form in the middle of plates when magma comes to the surface.
g. EARTHQUAKES: caused by a ____________________________________
in the Earth’s crust.
h. Plates can crush together, scrape past each other or bend along boundaries.
i. The places where the crust moves are called______________ .
j. An instrument called a ____________________is used to measure the magnitude of
an earthquake. The numbers on the ____________ ________ describe the magnitude
of the earthquake.
V.
Changes to the Earth’s Surface (C6-11)
a. ____________________ are physical features on the Earth’s surface.
They are constantly changing whether we realize it or not.
b. ________________ is the process of changing rock into _____________.
c. After the rock has been broken down into smaller pieces, _____________ takes place,
which moves the sediment to a new location.
d. Finally, the sediment is deposited in a new location. We call this process
_________________. River deltas are formed when sediment builds up at the mouth
of a river.
e. The chief agents of weathering and erosion are _____________, ______________,
and ______________ .
f. __________ __________________is the downhill movement of rock and soil
because of gravity.

Some examples of FAST changes are ___________________,
__________________, and ___________________.

An example of a SLOW change is ______________ .
VI. How the Earth’s Surface Has Changed (C22-25)
a. The Theory of _____________________ _______________suggests that the
Earth’s continents have moved over the years. It suggests that about 225 million
years ago, the Earth was one big super continent called____________ .
b. _____________ are traces and remains found in some rocks.
c. Younger rock layers are found _______________________older rock layers.
d. Take the Grand Canyon for instance, the oldest rock layers would be found at the
____________ of the canyon.
e. Fossils are not actual remains of once living things, they are just traces left
behind ________________________________________________________ .