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Thyroidism Thyroid disorders are conditions it appears, when thyroid gland is affected. The thyroid has important roles to regulate numerous metabolic processes throughout the body. Different types of thyroid gland related disorders affect either its structure or function. Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism. Insufficient hormone production leads to hypothyroidism. Hyperthyroidism Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often called overactive thyroid. Causes: Many diseases and conditions can cause hyperthyroidism, including: Eating too much of foods that contain iodine. Graves’s disease (most common cause of hyperthyroidism). Inflammation (thyroiditis) of the thyroid due to viral infections, some medicines, or after pregnancy. Noncancerous growths of the thyroid gland or pituitary gland. Some tumors of the testes or ovaries. Taking too much thyroid hormone. Getting medical imaging tests with contrast dye that has iodine. 1 Symptoms: Common symptoms include: Difficulty concentrating Fatigue Frequent bowel movements Goiter (visibly enlarged thyroid gland) or thyroid nodules Hand tremor Heat intolerance Increased appetite Increased sweating Irregular menstrual periods in women Nervousness Restlessness Sleep problems Weight loss (or weight gain, in some cases) Other symptoms that can occur with this disease: Breast development in men Clammy skin Diarrhea Hair loss High blood pressure Itchy or irritated eyes Itchy skin Lack of, or irregular menstrual periods in women Nausea and vomiting Protruding eyes (exophthalmos) Rapid, forceful, or irregular heartbeat (palpitations) Skin blushing or flushing Weakness of the hips and shoulders Graves' disease It is the most common cause of thyroid gland disorders. Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition in which the body's immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid gland and causes it to produce too much thyroid hormone. It is unclear what triggers this condition. There is a genetic basis for Graves' disease, meaning that it can run in families. It is most common in women aged 20-40 years and has a higher incidence amongst smokers. Graves' disease may also affect the eyes, causing discomfort and double vision. Patients are commonly having eyes that bulge out. 2 Hypothyroidism Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often called underactive thyroid. Causes Hypothyroidism is more common in women and people over age 50. The most common cause of hypothyroidism is thyroiditis. Swelling and inflammation damage the thyroid gland's cells. Causes of this problem include: The immune system attacking the thyroid gland Viral infections (common cold) or other respiratory infections Pregnancy (often called postpartum thyroiditis) Other causes of hypothyroidism include: Certain medicines, such as lithium and amiodarone Congenital (birth) defects Radiation treatments to the neck or brain to treat different cancers Radioactive iodine used to treat an overactive thyroid gland Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland Sheehan syndrome, a condition that may occur in a woman who bleeds severely during pregnancy or childbirth and causes the destruction of the pituitary gland Pituitary tumor or pituitary surgery 3 Symptoms Hard stools or constipation Increased sensitivity to cold temperature Fatigue or feeling slowed down Heavier and irregular menstrual periods Joint or muscle pain Paleness or dry skin Sadness or depression Thin, brittle hair or fingernails Weakness Weight gain Decreased taste and smell Hoarseness Puffy face, hands, and feet Slow speech Thickening of the skin Thinning of eyebrows Thyroid panels we are offering: PAN210 THYROID PANEL IV FT4, TSH3G & TPO PAN211 THYROID AUTOANTIBODIES PANEL THYROID PREOXIDASE(also known as Anti Microsomal abs. AND THYROGLOBULIN ABS PAN212 THYROID PANEL I PAN213 THYROID PANEL II PAN214 THYROID PANEL III PAN215 THYROID PANEL IV T3, T4, TSH FT3, FT4, T3,T4TSH TSH3G UL, FT3 & FT4 T3,T4,TSH&PRL 4 PAN216 THYROID SCREENING ATPO,ATG,Calcitonin,Thyroglobulin,T3,T4,FT3,FT4, TSH References: Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Endocr Pract Mandel SJ, Larsen PR, Davies TF. Thyrotoxicosis. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 12 Brent GA, Davies TF. Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, et al. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 13. Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid. Kim M, Ladenson P. Thyroid. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 233. 5