Download Thyroidism

Thyroidism
Thyroid disorders are conditions it appears, when thyroid gland is affected. The thyroid has important roles to regulate
numerous metabolic processes throughout the body. Different types of thyroid gland related disorders affect either its
structure or function. Thyroid disorders can range from a small, harmless goiter (enlarged gland) that needs no treatment
to life-threatening cancer. The most common thyroid problems involve abnormal production of thyroid hormones. Too
much thyroid hormone results in a condition known as hyperthyroidism. Insufficient hormone production leads to
hypothyroidism.
Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland makes too much thyroid hormone. The condition is often
called overactive thyroid.
Causes:
Many diseases and conditions can cause hyperthyroidism, including:







Eating too much of foods that contain iodine.
Graves’s disease (most common cause of hyperthyroidism).
Inflammation (thyroiditis) of the thyroid due to viral infections, some medicines, or after pregnancy.
Noncancerous growths of the thyroid gland or pituitary gland.
Some tumors of the testes or ovaries.
Taking too much thyroid hormone.
Getting medical imaging tests with contrast dye that has iodine.
1
Symptoms:
Common symptoms include:













Difficulty concentrating
Fatigue
Frequent bowel movements
Goiter (visibly enlarged thyroid gland) or thyroid nodules
Hand tremor
Heat intolerance
Increased appetite
Increased sweating
Irregular menstrual periods in women
Nervousness
Restlessness
Sleep problems
Weight loss (or weight gain, in some cases)
Other symptoms that can occur with this disease:













Breast development in men
Clammy skin
Diarrhea
Hair loss
High blood pressure
Itchy or irritated eyes
Itchy skin
Lack of, or irregular menstrual periods in women
Nausea and vomiting
Protruding eyes (exophthalmos)
Rapid, forceful, or irregular heartbeat (palpitations)
Skin blushing or flushing
Weakness of the hips and shoulders
Graves' disease
It is the most common cause of thyroid gland disorders. Graves' disease is an autoimmune condition in which the body's
immune system mistakenly targets the thyroid gland and causes it to produce too much thyroid hormone. It is unclear
what triggers this condition. There is a genetic basis for Graves' disease, meaning that it can run in families. It is most
common in women aged 20-40 years and has a higher incidence amongst smokers. Graves' disease may also affect the
eyes, causing discomfort and double vision. Patients are commonly having eyes that bulge out.
2
Hypothyroidism
Hypothyroidism is a condition in which the thyroid gland does not make enough thyroid hormone. This condition is often
called underactive thyroid.
Causes
Hypothyroidism is more common in women and people over age 50.
The most common cause of hypothyroidism is thyroiditis. Swelling and inflammation damage the thyroid gland's cells.
Causes of this problem include:











The immune system attacking the thyroid gland
Viral infections (common cold) or other respiratory infections
Pregnancy (often called postpartum thyroiditis)
Other causes of hypothyroidism include:
Certain medicines, such as lithium and amiodarone
Congenital (birth) defects
Radiation treatments to the neck or brain to treat different cancers
Radioactive iodine used to treat an overactive thyroid gland
Surgical removal of part or all of the thyroid gland
Sheehan syndrome, a condition that may occur in a woman who bleeds severely during pregnancy or childbirth
and causes the destruction of the pituitary gland
Pituitary tumor or pituitary surgery
3
Symptoms
















Hard stools or constipation
Increased sensitivity to cold temperature
Fatigue or feeling slowed down
Heavier and irregular menstrual periods
Joint or muscle pain
Paleness or dry skin
Sadness or depression
Thin, brittle hair or fingernails
Weakness
Weight gain
Decreased taste and smell
Hoarseness
Puffy face, hands, and feet
Slow speech
Thickening of the skin
Thinning of eyebrows
Thyroid panels we are offering:
PAN210
THYROID PANEL IV
FT4, TSH3G & TPO
PAN211
THYROID AUTOANTIBODIES PANEL THYROID PREOXIDASE(also known as Anti Microsomal
abs. AND THYROGLOBULIN ABS
PAN212
THYROID PANEL I
PAN213
THYROID PANEL II
PAN214
THYROID PANEL III
PAN215
THYROID PANEL IV
T3, T4, TSH
FT3, FT4, T3,T4TSH
TSH3G UL, FT3 & FT4
T3,T4,TSH&PRL
4
PAN216
THYROID SCREENING
ATPO,ATG,Calcitonin,Thyroglobulin,T3,T4,FT3,FT4,
TSH
References:





Bahn RS, Burch HB, Cooper DS, et al. Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: Management
Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Endocr
Pract
Mandel SJ, Larsen PR, Davies TF. Thyrotoxicosis. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM.
Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 12
Brent GA, Davies TF. Hypothyroidism and thyroiditis. In: Melmed S, Polonsky KS, Larsen PR, Kronenberg HM, et
al. Williams Textbook of Endocrinology. 12th ed. Philadelphia, PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 13.
Garber JR, Cobin RH, Gharib H, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by
the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid.
Kim M, Ladenson P. Thyroid. In: Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Goldman's Cecil Medicine. 24th ed. Philadelphia,
PA: Elsevier Saunders; 2011:chap 233.
5