Download ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE

ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE - PP. 290 - 303
1. What gland is found on the posterior side of the thyroid gland? What hormone does this gland secrete?
2. What does PTH regulate? What does PTH in the blood cause to happen?
3. What does hypercalcemic mean? What does hypocalcemic mean?
4. How do PTH and calcitonin work together to control blood calcium concentration?
5. What happens to neurons if blood calcium levels fall too low? What does this cause to happen to muscles?
6. Why happens if a hyperthyroid is removed completely? How is this prevented?
7. What condition would result from extreme hyperparathyroidism?
8. Where are the adrenal glands? What are the two parts of these glands?
9. What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? What are these hormones specifically called? What are the 3 subcategories of these hormones?
10. What is the importance of mineralocorticoids? What is the main hormone in this subcategory? What is the target organ of these hormones?
11. How do the kidneys respond when aldosterone levels rise? What triggers the release of aldosterone to the blood?
12. What is renin and what does it do?
13. What is the hormone released by the heart to prevent aldosterone release? What is its goal?
14. What are the two main functions of glucocorticoids? Name two other affects of these hormones.
15. What is a pharmaceutical use of glucocorticoids?
16. What two types of sex hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex in BOTH sexes?
17. What causes Addison's disease? What are its symptoms?
18. What problem of the adrenal cortex would be indicated by excessive water and sodium retention, high blood pressure and edema, and loss of potassium?
19. What causes Cushing's syndrome and what are its symptoms?
20. What 2 hormones are released by the adrenal medulla? Collectively, what category do they make up?
21. List the affects these hormones have on the body.
22. What is the result of these events? How does this result help the body?
23. How is the result of the catecholamines generally different from that of the glucocorticoids?
24. What happens when stress continues "on and on?"
25. What two important hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets?
26. How does the body respond to the release of insulin?
27. How is the affect of glucagon different from that of insulin?
28. What is the normal range for glucose in the blood?
29. How can a test for glucose in urine be a preliminary test for diabetes mellitus?
30. List 3 homeostatic imbalances that accompany diabetes mellitus.
31. List the 3 cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus by their scientific names and what they are.
32. How are milder cases of adult-onset diabetes treated? More severe cases?
33. What does glucagons stimulate the liver to do?
ENDOCRINE SYSTEM STUDY GUIDE - PP. 290 - 303
1. What gland is found on the posterior side of the thyroid gland? What hormone does this gland secrete?
2. What does PTH regulate? What does PTH in the blood cause to happen?
3. What does hypercalcemic mean? What does hypocalcemic mean?
4. How do PTH and calcitonin work together to control blood calcium concentration?
5. What happens to neurons if blood calcium levels fall too low? What does this cause to happen to muscles?
6. Why happens if a hyperthyroid is removed completely? How is this prevented?
7. What condition would result from extreme hyperparathyroidism?
8. Where are the adrenal glands? What are the two parts of these glands?
9. What hormones are produced by the adrenal cortex? What are these hormones specifically called? What are the 3 subcategories of these hormones?
10. What is the importance of mineralocorticoids? What is the main hormone in this subcategory? What is the target organ of these hormones?
11. How do the kidneys respond when aldosterone levels rise? What triggers the release of aldosterone to the blood?
12. What is renin and what does it do?
13. What is the hormone released by the heart to prevent aldosterone release? What is its goal?
14. What are the two main functions of glucocorticoids? Name two other affects of these hormones.
15. What is a pharmaceutical use of glucocorticoids?
16. What two types of sex hormones are secreted by the adrenal cortex in BOTH sexes?
17. What causes Addison's disease? What are its symptoms?
18. What problem of the adrenal cortex would be indicated by excessive water and sodium retention, high blood pressure and edema, and loss of
potassium?
19. What causes Cushing's syndrome and what are its symptoms?
20. What 2 hormones are released by the adrenal medulla? Collectively, what category do they make up?
21. List the affects these hormones have on the body.
22. What is the result of these events? How does this result help the body?
23. How is the result of the catecholamines generally different from that of the glucocorticoids?
24. What happens when stress continues "on and on?"
25. What two important hormones are produced by the pancreatic islets?
26. How does the body respond to the release of insulin?
27. How is the affect of glucagon different from that of insulin?
28. What is the normal range for glucose in the blood?
29. How can a test for glucose in urine be a preliminary test for diabetes mellitus?
30. List 3 homeostatic imbalances that accompany diabetes mellitus.
31. List the 3 cardinal signs of diabetes mellitus by their scientific names and what they are.
32. How are milder cases of adult-onset diabetes treated? More severe cases?
33. What does glucagons stimulate the liver to do?