Download Integrated Science Chapter 19 Name

Integrated Science
Chapter 19
Name _____________________________
Worksheet 1
Block _________________________
Match the definition to the correct word or term
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1. focus
A. the center of a planetary body
____
2. mineral
____
3. crust
____
4. erosion
D. the theory that Earth’s surface is made up of large moving plates
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5. fault
E. process in which sediment is laid down
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6. surface waves
F. scale that expresses the relative magnitude of an earthquake
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7. igneous rock
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8. plate tectonics
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9. fossils
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10. epicenter
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11. vent
K. molten rock within the Earth
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12. deposition
L. the layer of rock between the Earth’s crust and its core
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13. mantle
M. the study of earthquakes and related phenomena
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14. P waves
N. rock formed from cooled and hardened magma or lava
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15. weathering
O. secondary waves; the transverse waves generated by an
earthquake
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16. magma
P. rock formed from compressed or cemented deposits of sediment
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17. seismology
Q. the thin outer shell of Earth, consisting of the crust and the rigid
upper mantle
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18. acid rain
R. a seismic wave that travels along Earth’s surface
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19. lithosphere
S. an opening through which molten rock flows onto Earth’s surface
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20. sedimentary rock
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21. Richter scale
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22. asthenosphere
V. primary waves; the longitudinal waves generated by an earthquake
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23. metamorphic rock
W. precipitation that has an unusually high concentration of sulfuric or
nitric acids resulting from chemical pollution in the air
B. rock formed from other rocks as a result of heat, pressure, or
chemical processes
C. the area along a fault at which slippage first occurs, initiating an
earthquake
G. the process in which a tectonic plate dives beneath another tectonic
plate and into the asthenosphere
H. the traces or remains of a plant or an animal found in sedimentary
rock
I. a natural, inorganic solid with a definite chemical composition and a
characteristic internal structure
J. the point in Earth’s surface directly above the focus of the
earthquake
T. the zone of the mantle beneath the lithosphere that consists of
slowly flowing solid rock
U. the process by which rock and/or products of weathering are
removed
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24. subduction
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25. S waves
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26. core
X. the outermost and thinnest layer of Earth
Y. change in the physical form or chemical composition of rock
materials exposed at Earth’s surface
Z. a crack in the Earth created when rocks on either side of a break
move
Circle the letter that corresponds to the correct answer
27. The layer of tar-like mantle under the tectonic plate is called the ____________________________.
a. lithosphere
b. oceanic crust
c. asthenosphere
d. tectonic plate boundary
28. Two tectonic plates moving away from each form a(n) ________________________________.
a. transform fault boundary
b. convergent boundary
c. ocean trench
d. divergent boundary
29. Vibrations in Earth caused by sudden movements of rock are called ___________________.
a. epicenters
b. earthquakes
c. faults
d. volcanoes
30. Using the difference in the time it takes for P waves and S waves to arrive at three different
seismograph stations, seismologists can find an earthquake’s _____________________.
a. epicenter
b. surface waves
c. fault zone
d. intensity
30. The Richter scale expresses an earthquake’s _________________________________.
a. intensity
b. location
c. duration
d. magnitude
31. High pressure and high temperature cause igneous rocks to become ___________________.
a. sedimentary rocks
b. limestone
c. metamorphic rocks
d. clay
32. The sequence of events in which rocks change from one type to another and back again is described
by _____________________________.
a. a rock family
b. the rock cycle
c. metamorphism
d. deposition
33. ______________________ rock is formed from magma.
a. igneous
b. metamorphic
c. sedimentary
d. schist
34. A common kind of mechanical weathering is called ___________________________.
a. oxidation
b. carbonation
c. ice wedging
d. leaching
35. Acid rain results from pollutants reacting with water in the air to form ___________________.
a. sulfuric acid
b. carbon dioxide
c. ice crystals
d. carbonic acid
36. Label the major layers of the Earth
a. _____________________________________
b. _____________________________________
c. _____________________________________
d. _____________________________________
37. Explain why most earthquakes occur at tectonic plate boundaries
38. Explain why you would find the oldest fossils at the bottom of a cliff and the youngest fossils at the top
of a cliff.
39. Explain how underground limestone caves form.