Download Biology 120 Lab Exam 2 Review Session

Biology 120 Lab Exam 2 Review Session
Student Learning Services and Peer Mentors
Sunday, March 20th, 2016
Time: 5:30 pm
Location: Arts 263
Important note: This review was written by a Biology Peer Mentor (not your professors or lab
coordinators)! It is designed to help you test yourself on topics and concepts covered in the lab
and should not in any way be considered a “preview” of the actual lab exam.
Created by Alyssa Wingerter
Section 1. Spot Test:
Question
Answer
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B:
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Section 2. Fill in the blanks:
1. Ferns have a complex life cycle called an ______________________ _____
_________________________.
2. In the fern, ___________________ undergo meiosis to form haploid cells called spores.
3. Crossing over occurs in __________________ of meiosis.
4. In the fern life cycle, the multicellular _________________ stage is haploid, and the
_______________________ stage is diploid.
5. In animals meiosis only occurs in reproductive organs ( ____________ or
______________), and results in the production of gametes ( ____________ or
____________)
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Section 3. Definitions:
1. Heterozygous:
2. Genotype:
3. Phenotype:
4. Allele:
5. Test Cross:
6. Polygenic Traits:
7. Ploidy:
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Section 4. True or False:
Identify whether each of the following is True or False. If it is false, correct the statement.
_____ The Y chromosome is smaller than the X chromosome .
_____ Interphase is the longest phase in the cell cycle.
_____ Meiosis produces two genetically identical offspring.
_____ In animals, gametes are produced by meiosis.
_____ S Stage of Mitosis is where chromosomes are duplicated by DNA replication.
_____ In a mouse, sperm is produced by mitosis.
_____ Phosphodiester bonds are formed between the complementary nitrogenous bases of
DNA.
_____ In gel electrophoresis, sucrose infused water is used to conduct electricity.
_____ DNA is collected from cells that lack a nucleus for use in Paternity testing.
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Section 5. Short Answer:
1. Match each of the following fingerprints with the correct pattern. (3 marks)
a)
b)
c)
Loop
Whorl
Arch
2. Describe the differences between the products of mitosis and meiosis. (2 marks)
3. What is the difference between parental and recombinant offspring? (2 marks)
4. Briefly describe Mendel’s Laws. (4 marks)
5. Describe, in detail, the structure of DNA. (4 marks)
6. What events occur in prophase I of meiosis but NOT in prophase of mitosis? (2 marks)
7. Sally’s poodle was stolen on a Friday night. While looking inside her home for the dog
she found a piece of hair and a spatter of blood on the floor near the dog’s bed.
a. Which sample would be a better source of DNA? Why? (2 marks)
b. What three solutions would you use to extract the DNA? Briefly describe the role of
each solution. (6 marks)
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c. What process can you use to create more copies of this DNA? Briefly describe each
step of this process. (4 marks)
8. List and briefly describe the steps of restriction fragment analysis. (5 marks)
9. Label the following image. (3 Marks)
10. Draw a chromosome diagram of a cell (2n=4) in G1 stage of the Cell Cycle. Are the
chromosomes replicated during this stage? (2 marks)
11. Draw a chromosome diagram of a cell (n=3) in Metaphase. (2 marks)
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Section 6. Genetics Problems:
1.
In garden peas, round peas (R) are dominant to wrinkled peas (r).
a. If you crossed a homozygous dominant pea with a homozygous recessive pea, what
would be the genotype and phenotype of the offspring? (2 marks)
b. Draw a chromosome diagram of an F1 plant (2n=2) in Prophase I. (2 marks)
2. After completing a cross between two lily plants with unknown genotypes, you find that 74
of the offspring have purple flowers and 26 have white. What were the possible genotypes
AND phenotypes of the parents? Use ‘P’ for the gene controlling flower colour. (2 marks)
3.
In a grass species native to Saskatchewan, three leaves (T) are dominant to two leaves (t). If
a cross produces offspring that are 50% homozygous dominant and 50% heterozygous, what
are the genotypes of the parents? (1 mark)
4. 70% of Americans perceive a bitter taste from the chemical phenylthiocarbamide (PTC).
The ability to taste this chemical results from a dominant allele (T) and not being able to
taste PTC is the result of having two recessive alleles (t).
Albinism is also a single locus trait with normal pigment being dominant (A) and the lack
of pigment being recessive (a). A normally pigmented woman who cannot taste PTC has
a father who is an albino taster. She marries a homozygous, normally pigmented man
who is a taster but who has a mother that does not taste PTC.
a. What are the genotypes of the possible children? (1 mark)
b. What percentage of the children will be albino? (1 mark)
c. What percentage of the children will be non-tasters of PTC? (1 mark)
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5. In a strain of soybeans, high oil (H) content in the seeds is dominant to low oil content,
and four seeds (E) in a pod is dominant to two seeds in a pod. A farmer crosses two
soybean plants, both with high oil content and four seeds per pod. The resulting F1
offspring have a phenotypic ratio of 9:3:3:1.
a. What genotype were the parent plants? (1 mark)
6. The traits for fur colour and sharpness of nails are linked in rabbits. Brown fur (B) is
dominant to white (b) and sharp nails (N) are dominant to dull (n). Hannah’s mother had
brown fur and sharp nails, while her father had white hair and dull nails. If Hannah has
brown fur and sharp nails and mates with Joey, who has white fur and dull nails, what
will be the phenotypic and genotypic frequencies of the offspring? Assume no crossover.
(2 marks)
7. Colour blindness (b) in humans is a sex linked recessive disorder. A carrier female
marries a normal male. (5 marks)
a. Draw a Punnett square to illustrate this cross.
b. What proportion of the male offspring can be expected to be colorblind?
c. What proportion of the offspring can be expected to have normal vision?
d. What proportion of the female offspring can be expected to be carriers?
e. What proportion of the female offspring can be expected to be phenotypically
normal?
8. In spider monkeys, the allele for black fur (B) is dominant to the allele for grey fur (b),
and the allele for a long tail (T) is dominant to the allele for a short tail (t). The gene for
fur colour is 9.6 map units from the gene for tail length.
a. Draw a Punnett square to illustrate the cross between a monkey with grey fur and
a short tail and a monkey that was heterozygous for both characteristics. The
father of the heterozygous had black fur and a long tail, homozygous for both
traits. (1 mark)
b. Calculate the expected genotypic ratio for this cross. (1 mark)
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Section 7. Pedigrees:
1. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of cystic fibrosis in a population.
Use ‘F’ to represent the gene responsible.
A
Normal female
Normal male
B
Female with trait
C
Male with trait
D
a. What is most likely the mode of inheritance?
b. What is the genotype of A? _____________
c. What is the genotype of D? _____________
d. If individuals B and C have a son what is the chance that he will have cystic
fibrosis?
2. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of polydactyly in cats.
Normal female
Normal male
Female with trait
Male with trait
a. What is the most likely mode of inheritance for this trait?
b. Give the genotypes of the following individuals. Use the letter “B” for this trait.
6 _____________
c.
7 ______________
8 ______________
If Individuals 6 and 7 have another daughter, what are the chances that she will be
affected?
3. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of awesome looking hair.
a. What is the most likely mode of inheritance?
b. Using the letter “A” to represent the gene for awesome looking hair, give all
possible genotypes for the following individuals.
i. Individual 1: ______________________________________
ii. Individual 2: ______________________________________
iii. Individual 4: _____________________________________
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4. The following pedigree illustrates the inheritance of Duchenne muscular dystrophy in a
British population. Use ‘D’ to represent the gene.
A
Normal female
C
B
D
Normal male
Female with trait
Male with trait
b.
What is most likely the mode of inheritance for this disorder?
c.
List all possible genotypes for each of the following:
i. Individual A: ______________________________________
ii. Individual B: ______________________________________
iii. Individual C: ______________________________________
d. If Individual D has a daughter with a woman who is a carrier, what is the
probability that she will have the disease?
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Total:
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Section 8. Resources:
The following resources were used in part to help produce this review.
Short Answer:
• http://biology.clc.uc.edu/fankhauser/labs/Bio_Lab113/Mosses_&_Ferns/mosses_&_fer
ns_new.html
• http://www.dpisd.org/cms/lib4/TX01001079/Centricity/Domain/929/Monohybrid%20C
ross%20Problems%20All.pdf
• http://www.k-state.edu/biology/pob/genetics/dihy.htm
• http://www.sunprairie.k12.wi.us/faculty/nmolsen/Sex_linked%20Practice.pdf
• http://ocw.mit.edu/courses/biology/7-01sc-fundamentals-of-biology-fall2011/genetics/pedigrees/MIT7_01SCF11_3.3prob1.pdf
• www.zerobio.com/drag_gr11/pedigree11_flash.htm
• MIT OPEN COURSEWARE: Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Spot Test:
• http://bioserv.fiu.edu/~walterm/GenBio2004/new_chap13_inheritance/misc2.htm
• http://www.phschool.com/science/biology_place/biocoach/meiosis/teloi.html
• http://bgr.com/2015/10/02/dolphin-rescues-womans-iphone-video/
• http://slideplayer.com/slide/227255/
• http://botit.botany.wisc.edu/Resources/Botany/Pteridophytes/Ferns/Gametophyte/Ga
metophyte.jpg.html
• http://iws.collin.edu/jbeck/SeedlessPlantsHtml/Mossantheridia.jpg
• http://www.ijon.de/moose/zyklus_en.html
• http://tonyandtawni.com/picskhx/karyotype-down-syndrome
• http://aboutturners.webstarts.com/index.html
• https://embryology.med.unsw.edu.au/embryology/index.php?title=File:Karyotype_of_a
_Klinefelter's_syndrome_patient.jpg
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