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1. One long-term effect of the Crusades was the A) B) C) D) development of Pax Mongolia fall of the Ming dynasty control of Jerusalem by Europeans growth of trade and towns in western Europe Base your answers to questions 2 and 3 on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: We must fight to keep control of Jerusalem in the hands of those who believe in Allah. Speaker B: Come and battle while there is still time to protect the Holy Land where Christ walked. Speaker C: We must go forth to heal the split between the churches. Speaker D: An investment in ships and knights will yield control of profitable trade routes. 2. Which speaker is expressing an economic motive for the Crusades? A) A B) B C) C D) D 3. Which speaker expresses a Muslim perspective during the Crusades? A) A B) B C) C D) D 4. Which heading best completes the partial outline below? A) Goals of the Hanseatic League B) Reasons for Europeans to Fight the Crusades C) Results of the Reconquista D) Aims of Charlemagne 5. Base your answer to this question on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. The basic idea of this book is simple: to tell the story of the Crusades as they were seen, lived, and recorded on 'the other side'–in other words, in the Arab camp. Its content is based almost exclusively on the testimony of contemporary Arab historians and chroniclers.... -Amin Maalouf, The Crusades Through Arab Eyes, Al Saqi Books This passage indicates that the author's emphasis is on A) B) C) D) cause and effect chronological order reenactment point of view 6. What was one direct result of the Crusades? A) Trade increased between Europe and the Middle East. B) Islamic kingdoms expanded into Europe. C) Arabs and Christians divided the city of Jerusalem between them. D) Alexander the Great became a powerful leader in Eurasia. 7. Base your answer to the following question on Base your answer to the following question on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . For many in the contemporary Arab world, the Crusades are viewed as having begun nearly a millennium of conflict with what would become the West. The Crusades are seen as representing the constant threat of Western encroachment [trespassing]. But many scholars say that is a more recent and inaccurate view of the Crusades. . . . — Mike Shuster, reporter, NPR The Medieval Crusades were taken and then turned into something that they never really were in the first place. They were turned into a kind of a proto-imperialism, an attempt to bring the fruits of European civilization to the Middle East, when, in fact, during the Middle Ages the great sophisticated and wealthy power was the Muslim world. Europe was the Third World. . . . — Thomas Madden, St. Louis University, History of relations between the West and Middle East, NPR, All Things Considered, August 17, 2004 These statements indicate that the history of the Crusades A) B) C) D) has been neglected by experts was of little importance is the subject of debate and interpretation illustrates the importance of tolerance and understanding 8. What was one result of large armies traveling great distances during the Crusades? A) B) C) D) Europe’s population severely declined. Democracy in the Middle East grew. Cultural diffusion increased. Slavery was eliminated. 9. Which circumstance best describes a long-term result of the Crusades? A) Muslim control of Jerusalem ended. B) Feudalism began in western Europe. C) Cultural exchanges between the Middle East and Europe grew. D) Christians and Muslims achieved a lasting peace. 10. Revival of trade in western Europe, decline of feudalism, revival of interest in learning, and cultural interaction with the Middle East are associated with the A) B) C) D) impact of the Crusades effects of the barter system growth of the Maya Empire rise of Charlemagne 11. Prior to the Protestant Reformation, the medieval church in western Europe was criticized for A) sponsoring explorations to the Middle East B) allowing the Bible to be printed and distributed to the people C) being too concerned with worldly power and riches D) refusing to sell indulgences to peasants 12. 13. Base your answer to the following question on Which heading would be best for the partial outline below? I. _____________________________ A. Desire to be released from feudal obligations B. Defense of the Holy Land C. Forgiveness of sins D. Desire for wealth from the Middle East A) Reasons for the Reformation B) European Motives for Fighting the Crusades C) Causes of the Fall of the Roman Empire D) Reasons for the Split Between the Eastern and Western Churches 14. One result of the Crusades was an increase in trade between the Middle East and A) East Asia B) Africa “. . . Christian warriors, He who gave His C) North America D) Europe life for you, today demands yours in return. These are combats worthy of you, combats 15. Base your answer to the following question on in which it is glorious to conquer and the quotation below and on your knowledge of advantageous to die. Illustrious knights, social studies. generous defenders of the Cross, remember the examples of your fathers who conquered “Come then, with all your people and give battle Jerusalem, and whose names are inscribed in with all your strength, so that all this treasure Heaven; abandon then the things that perish, shall not fall into the hands of the Turks. . . . to gather unfading palms, and conquer a Therefore act while there is still time lest the Kingdom which has no end.” kingdom of the Christians shall vanish from — St. Bernard of Clairvaux your sight. . . . And in your coming you will find your reward in heaven. . . .” This statement was most likely used to — Emperor Alexius Comnenus, encourage people to quoted in The Dream and the Tomb A) repel a Viking invasion Which event is referred to in this quotation? B) stop advancement of the Huns in Europe A) Enlightenment C) join the Crusades B) French Revolution D) force Russians to convert to Catholicism C) Glorious Revolution D) Crusades 16. A direct result of the Crusades was that A) the pope lost control of the Church B) Europeans increased their demands for goods from the East C) Christians gained permanent control of the Holy Land D) nobles gained power over the monarchs 17. Which situation is considered a cause of the other three? 21. In Europe a long-term effect of the Crusades was A) development of a European middle class B) increase in European demand for Eastern goods C) European renewal of interest in learning D) European involvement in the Crusades A) the strengthening of the feudal system B) the adoption of Islamic religious practices C) an increased demand for goods from the East D) increased European isolation 18. Which statement expresses a direct result of the Crusades? 22. Which is the most valid generalization about the Crusades? A) The volume of trade decreased as the manors became self-sufficient. B) Christians gained permanent control of the Holy Land. C) The power of European nations declined because of a lack of interest in world affairs. D) Contact with the Muslim and Byzantine worlds brought new ideas to Western Europe. 19. A major goal of the Christian Church during the Crusades (1096 – 1291) was to A) B) C) D) establish Christianity in western Europe capture the Holy Land from Islamic rulers unite warring Arab peoples strengthen English dominance in the Arab world 20. Base your answer to the following question on The Crusades have been called "history's most successful failures." Which statement best explains this expression? A) The Crusades did not achieve their original goals, but they brought about many desirable changes in Europe. B) Although the Crusaders captured the Holy Land, they were unable to bring about democratic reforms. C) The Crusades helped bring about the fall of the Roman Empire. D) The Crusaders prevented the Turks from capturing Constantinople for many centuries. A) The Crusades strengthened the power of the serfs in Europe. B) The Crusades increased trade between Europe and Asia. C) The Crusades brought European influence to Africa. D) The Crusades supported the idea of religious tolerance. 23. Which statement best describes the result of the Crusades? A) Europeans maintained a lasting control over much of the Middle East. B) Islamic influence dominated Europe. C) Europeans developed a tolerance of non-Christian religions. D) Trade between Europe and the Middle East was expanded. 24. What were two indirect results of the Crusades? A) Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was strengthened. B) Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was strengthened. C) Trade and commerce increased and the feudal system was weakened. D) Trade and commerce declined and the feudal system was weakened. 25. An important long-term result of the Crusades in the Middle East was the A) increased tension between Muslims and Christians B) destruction of Muslim military power C) creation of a large Christian state on the Red Sea D) restoration of the Byzantine Empire 26. One way in which the Seljuk Turks, Mongols, and Crusaders were similar is that they all A) invaded the Middle East and affected its culture B) succeeded in bringing democracy to the Middle East C) moved through the Middle East as nomadic groups D) established permanent empires in the Middle East 27. A major result of the Crusades was the A) conversion of the majority of Europeans to Protestantism B) weakening of the power of the middle class in Europe C) growth of trade between Europe and Asia D) development of feudalism in Europe 28. In Europe, the Crusades resulted in A) a greater isolation of the region from the world B) an increased demand for goods from the Middle East and Asia C) the adoption of Islam as the official religion of many European nations D) the strengthening of the feudal system 29. One important effect of the Crusades on western Europe was that they A) led to a decline in the importance of the church in western Europe B) furthered cultural diffusion throughout western Europe C) introduced the Industrial Revolution to western Europe D) ended the western European quest for an overseas empire 30. One major result of the Crusades was the A) permanent occupation of the Holy Land by the Europeans B) long-term decrease in European trade C) conversion of most Muslims to Christianity D) spread of Middle Eastern culture and technology to Europe 31. The Crusades indirectly contributed to the discovery of the New World by A) forcing the religious conversion of the Muslim population B) forcing the Turks to flee from Constantinople C) stimulating European demand for goods from the East D) increasing the power of the feudal lords