Download Study Guide Cells Unit Test

Study Guide Cells Unit Test
Matching. Write the letter of the correct response on the
line. You may use the responses more than once.
A. proteins
B. simple carbohydrates
carbohydrates D. lipids
C. complex
__B___ 1. Source of quick energy for cells.
__A___ 2. Steak, Chicken, turkey
__C___ 3. Starch
__A___ 4. DNA holds the instructions for making these
__D,C_ 5. Source of slow burning energy
__D___ 6. May be stored as fat; repels water
__B___ 7. Apples, pears, and grapefruit
__A___ 8. Made of amino acids
__A___ 9. Used by body to repair or build new parts such as
hair, nails or muscles.
__C___ 10. Carbohydrates such as bread, pasta, or baked
potatoes.
11. How are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems related?
(List how each is related to the next, i.e. tissues are made of
cells that work together, organs are…)
Tissues are made of cells that work together, organs are made
of tissues that work together, and organ systems are made
of organs that work together
12. Define homeostasis. Describe an example of how your
body maintains homeostasis.
Keeping your internal environment the same.
Example: Sweating when it is hot outside to keep your body
temperature at 98.6 °F
13. List 5 characteristics shared by all living things.
__Respond to stimuli____________
Mnemonic Device:
__Use energy___________________
__Reproduce___________________
Richie Rich Enjoys Calling Girls
__Grow and Develop______________
__Made of one or more cells______
14. Compare a plant cell to an animal cell.
Name 3 differences between plant and animal cells.
a. _Plant cells are rectangular. Animal cells are more
circular._____
b. _Plant cells have chloroplasts and cell walls. Animal cells
do not.____
c. _Plant cells have a large vacuole. Animal cells have a
small vacuole.
Name 3 similarities between plant and animal cells.
a. _Both are eukaryotic—have a nucleus_____
b. _Both have a cell membrane, mitochondria, cytoplasm____
c. _Both do cellular respiration________________
Match the cell to the description. Some choices will be used
more than once.
A. Animal Cell
B. Plant Cell
C. Bacterial Cell
_A, B____
15. Which will do cellular respiration?
_A_____
16. Which produces lactic acid if it is
overworked?
_B_____
17. Which will do photosynthesis and cellular
respiration?
_C_____
18. Prokaryotic
__A, B___
19. Eukaryotic
20. Write the function for each organelle:
Cell wall – provides structure and strength for plant cells
Cell membrane – lets materials in and out of the cell
Mitochondria – makes ATP, gives the cell energy
Ribosomes – builds proteins
Endoplasmic reticulum – “tunnels” that transport materials in
the cell
Golgi Complex – packages and transports materials OUT of
the cell
Cytoplasm – watery substance the organelles “float” in
Nucleus – the control center of the cell
Nucleolus – where the materials to make ribosomes are
stored
Chloroplast – the place where photosynthesis happens
(holds the chlorophyll)
Vacuoles – holds liquids and wastes
DNA – instructions on how to make proteins
Match the name of the organelle involved in the following processes.
_E, D 21. diffusion
A. chloroplasts
_C __ 22. respiration
B. nucleus
_A,E _23. photosynthesis
C. mitochondria
_D, E 24. osmosis
D. cell membrane
__C_ 25. ATP production
E. vacuole
Identify the process described in the following examples.
Choose from these words: Osmosis, diffusion, active transport,
fermentation, photosynthesis, respiration.
26.
White Blood Cell wrapping around bacterial cells to
eat them _Active Transport___________________________
27.
smelling vanilla through a balloon
_Diffusion_____________________________
28.
raisins becoming plump in water
__Osmosis_____________________________
29.
chloroplasts using sunlight to make glucose
__Photosynthesis______________
30.
mitochondria using glucose and oxygen __Cellular
Respiration_____________
31.
lactic acid building in your muscles
___Fermentation___________________
32.
Write the equation for cellular respiration.
Glucose + Oxygen
33.
ATP + Carbon Dioxide + Water
Write the equation for photosynthesis.
Sunlight + Water + Carbon Dioxide
Glucose + Oxygen
34.
How are photosynthesis and respiration related?
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are in a cycle. The
materials needed for photosynthesis (Water and carbon
dioxide) are the materials given off by respiration; the
materials needed for respiration (glucose and oxygen) are the
materials given off by photosynthesis.
35.
Besides osmosis and diffusion, what are 2 other
ways that cells can move materials in and out of the cell?
Cells could use energy during active transport to move
particles against the norm (moving from low to high) or to move
molecule that are a little too big. The cell can use endocytosis
and exocytosis to move particles in and out of the cell.
36. Look at the following diagrams. Draw arrows to indicate
where molecules are moving.
Which molecules are moving? __Iodine______________
Iodine &
Water
Starch &
Water
Which molecule can not move?
__Starch _______________
This is an example of
__Diffusion___________________.
Which molecules are moving? _Iodine____________________
Draw arrows to indicate where molecules are moving.
Iodine
This is an example of
__Equilibrium________________________
Iodine
Which molecules are moving? _Water______________
Draw arrows to indicate where molecules are moving.
Sugar &
Water
Water
This is an example of
__Osmosis____________________________.
Read the following scenario and answer the questions that
follow.
Nick’s mother packed him sliced apples in his lunch everyday.
Nick was disappointed when he would open his lunch and find
brown, mushy apples. Nick decided that he would try to find a
way to keep his sliced apples crisp and white. He packed apple
slices 3 different ways and recorded his observations in the
chart below.
Appearance
Texture
Apple Slices
brown
Soft and mushy
Apple slice & ¼ cup
white
crisp
white
soft and mushy
sugar water
Apple slice & ¼ cup
sugar
37.
What was the control in the experiment?
The plain apple slices are the control.
38.
What was the independent variable? (“I” changed)
The independent variable is the sugar and water that was
added to the apple slices.
39.
What was the dependent variable? (how are you
going to know a change happened?)
The dependent variable is the observed appearance and
texture of the apples.
40.
Using your knowledge of diffusion, explain why the
apple slice was crisp when stored in sugar water but soft
when stored in sugar.
The water in the apple is in equilibrium with the sugar water.
There is not much movement of water in or out so the apple
stays crisp. The apple placed in sugar will lose water because
the apple has a higher concentration of water than the plain
sugar. Water leaving the apple will cause it to become soft.
48. Label the diagram.
Cell
Nucleolus
Membrane
Cell Wall DNA
ER
Chloroplast
Cytoplasm
Nucleus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
What type of cell is pictured above? Plant Cell
Golgi
Complex
x
43.
Scientist
Discovery
Hooke
Discovered cells.
Schleiden
“All plants are made of cells”
Schwann
“All animals are made of cells”
Virchow
“All cells come from other cells.”
43. Identify 2 examples of stimulus/response:
a. stimulus: Bright light
b. response: Pupils get
smaller
a. stimulus: Hot temperature
b. response: You begin to
sweat
44. What is metabolism?
The total of all chemical reactions in an organism that keep it
alive (cellular respiration, etc.)
•
Underline the major points. Briefly note your thinking.
•
Circle keywords or phrases that are confusing or unknown to you.
•
Use a question mark (?) for questions that you have during the reading. Be sure to write your
question.
•
Use an exclamation mark (!) for things that surprise you, and briefly note what it was that
caught your attention.
•
Draw an arrow (↵) when you make a connection to something inside the text, or to an idea or
experience outside the text. Briefly note your connections.
•
•
Health: The Scrape of the Future
What did you do the last time you scraped your knee? You
probably put a bandage on it, and before you realized it your
knee was as good as new. Bandages serve as barriers that
help prevent infection and further injury. But what if there were
such a thing as a living bandage that actually helped your body
heal? It sounds like science fiction, but it’s not!
The Main Factor
An injury to the skin, such as a scraped knee, triggers skin
cells to produce and release a steady stream of proteins that
heal the injury. These naturally occurring proteins are called
human growth factors, or just growth factors. Growth factors
specialize in rebuilding the body. Some reconstruct connective
tissue that provide structure for the new skin, some help
rebuild blood vessels in a wounded area, and still others
stimulate the body’s immune system. Thanks to growth factors,
scraped skin usually heal in just a few days.
Help from a Living Bandage
Unfortunately, healing isn’t always an easy, natural
process. Someone with a weakened immune system may be
unable to produce enough growth factors to heal a wound
properly. For example, someone with severe burns may have
lost the ability in a burned area to produce the proteins
necessary to rebuild healthy tissues. In these cases, using
manufactured human growth factors can greatly assist the
healing process.
Recent advances in bioengineering can help people
whose immune system prevents them from healing naturally.
The Genetically Engineered Biological Bandage (GEBB) is a
special bandage that is actually a bag of living skin cells taken
from donors. The cells’ DNA is manipulated to produce human
growth factors. The GEBB is about 1 cm thick and consists of
three layers: a thin gauze layer; a thin permeable membrane;
and a dome-shaped silicone bag containing the growth factors.
The bandage is applied to the wound just as a normal bandage
is, with the gauze layer closest to the injury. The growth
factors leave the silicone bag through the membrane and pass
through the gauze into the wound. There they act on the wound
just as the body’s own growth factors would.
Time-Release Formula
The GEBB also helps heal wounds more quickly. It
maximizes the effectiveness of growth hormones by releasing
them at a constant rate over 3 to 5 days.
Because GEBB initiates the body’s own healing
processes, other versions of the living bandage will likely be
used in the future to treat a variety of wounds and skin
conditions, such as severe acne.
45. What is the theme (main idea) of the section entitled “Help
from a Living Bandage”?
______A “living” bandage has been created to promote growth
of new cells and healing of cuts and wounds for people unable
to create enough growth hormone to heal naturally.
______________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________
46. Identify 2 benefits of the GEBB. ___It allows people who
have compromised immune systems to heal properly, allows
wounds to heal more quickly
_______________________________________
_____________________________________________________________
______________________________
47. Read the following excerpt from the selection:
The GEBB is about 1 cm thick and consists of three layers: a
thin gauze layer; a thin permeable membrane; and a domeshaped silicone bag containing the growth factors. The
bandage is applied to the wound just as a normal bandage is,
with the gauze layer closest to the injury. The growth factors
leave the silicone bag through the membrane and pass through
the gauze into the wound. There they act on the wound just as
the body’s own growth factors would.
A. What does the word “permeable” mean in the paragraph
above? _______permeable means it lets things pass
through it.
________________________________________________________
_
________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________
B. What part of the cell is described as being “semipermeable”? Why? ____the cell membrane, because it lets
some things through and not others.
_____________________________
________________________________________________________
___________________________
48. Fill in the following chart for the systems of the body:
System of the Body
Examples of 3
Major Function of the System
Organs
Biceps, Heart,
Muscular
Movement
tendons,
Cartilage,
Skeletal
Protect organs, movement,
Ligament, Femur produce Red Blood Cells
Circulatory
Respiratory
Nervous
49.
Heart, Arteries,
Carry oxygen and nutrients to
Veins
tissues
Lungs, Heart,
Oxygen exchange
trachea
Brain, Spinal
Communicate between brain and
Cord, Eyes
organs,
Why would a muscle or yeast cell need to do
fermentation?
There is no oxygen present, but the cell needs energy.
50.
Discuss the following:
a. Active Transport: Moving molecules using energy.
Could move molecules against the concentration
gradient, from Low to High or could be moving
molecules that are too large to easily pass through the
cell membrane.
b. Endocytosis: Cell taking in molecules that are too large
to pass through the cell membrane. Cell membrane
wraps around molecule creating a vesicle. Example:
White Blood Cells
c. Exocytosis: Cell getting rid of things that are too large
or dangerous to pass through the cell membrane.
Example: Stomach cells releasing digestive enzymes.