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What were the Causes and Impacts of Crusades? Global History & Geography 10th Grade Boys & Girls Al-Madinah School 5 December 2016 What was Crusade Literally: War for the sake of Cross A series of military campaigns (war) by the Christian Europeans against Muslims to rest control of Palestine (Holy Land) Number of Crusades: 4 Crusades over 200 years The Beginning of the Crusades During the 1050s Seljuk Turks Invaded Asia Minor, Which was part of the Byzantine Empire. Seljuks were also in-charge of Palestine Emperor Alexius I asked Western Christians for Help He appealed with the Western Christians to free Jerusalem from the Muslim infidels Pope Urban II asked the French and German Bishops to recover Palestine in the Council of Clermont in 1095. The Franks launched the Crusades Other Reasons for Crusades The Pope believed that the crusades would increase his power in Europe and unite Christians Christians believed that their sins would be forgiven if participated in the Crusade Nobles hoped to gain wealth and land by participating in Crusades Adventurers saw a chance for travel and excitement Serfs hoped to gain freedom Events of the Crusades Initially Christian Forces Took over Jerusalem in 1099 C.E. They Massacred the Muslims, Jews and Christians of Jerusalem Christians Created four crusader Kingdoms in Palestine, Lebanon and Syria. Muslim Forces Under Salahuddin (Saladin) Ayyubi took over Jerusalem in 1187 C.E. Another Crusade was led by the King Richard (the Lion-Hearted) of England in 1189. He signed a peace treaty with Salahudddin. The Fourth Crusade was launched but the Christians fought among themselves and looted Constantinople In 1291 the Last Crusader City Acre fell to the Muslims ending crusades. Impacts of the Crusades The Most important impact crusades had was to create centuries old mistrust between Muslims and Christians Other Impacts Increased Trade between Europe and Middle East Encouragement of Learning Papal Power declined, the division among Christians widened Increased power of the monarchs and feudalism weakened Economy based on money started to grow Homework Answer Questions 6 & 7 on page 308 of your textbook.