Download Cell Station

Cell Station
Part 1: Cell Types --Turn to pages 74 & 75
1. Create a double bubble comparing and contrasting eukaryotes and prokaryotes
a. Must have three similarities and two differences
No membranebound
organelles
Membranebound organelles
(nucleus, etc)
Cytoplasm
Prokaryotes
Only
unicellular
DNA
Eukaryotes
Can be
unicellular or
multicellular
Ribosomes
Simple
structure
Complex
structure
(many parts)
2. Create a Tree Map showing the different type of cells. Include the following words:
Cells, eukaryotic, animal, prokaryotic, plant
Cells
Eukaryotic
Animal
Prokaryotic
Plant
3. Create a double bubble comparing plant and animal cells
a. Must have 3 similarities and 1 difference.
Lysosomes
Chloroplasts
Nucleus
Plant Cell
Cell wall
Cell membrane
Ribosomes,
mitochondria,
etc.
Central
vacuole
No cell wall
Animal Cell
Centrioles
Part 2: Cell Parts
4. Make and fill in the chart below
Organelle/Structure
Nucleus
Function
Runs the cell, contains DNA
Ribosome
Makes proteins, located in
cytoplasm and on Rough ER
Rough ER
Site of protein and
phospholipid synthesis
Picture
Smooth ER
Site of lipid synthesis
Golgi apparatus
Sorts, modifies, and packages
proteins and lipids from the
ER, sends them out of the
cell
Mitochondria
Makes energy for the cell,
breaks down sugar to ATP
Chloroplast
Makes sugar by converting
sun energy to chemical
energy
Part 2: Cell Membrane
5. Explain what is happening in figure 5-1 on page 97.
The sugar molecules will dissolve and move from the area of high
concentration to low concentration, eventually they will reach equilibrium,
meaning they are equally spread out in the water.
6. Turn to page 78 and the cell membrane. Label the following: carbohydrate, phospholipid
bilayer, heads, tails, cholesterol, integral protein, peripheral protein, inside cell, and
outside cell.
These are all labeled in your book, copy this diagram
7. Create a tree map for cell transport. Define and use the following terms: cell transport,
osmosis, exocytosis, active transport, diffusion, membrane pumps, and endocytosis.
You already made this on the back of page 32 of your notebook. Refer to this.
Here is a simple version:
Cell Transport
Passive Transport (does
not require energy)
Diffusion
(movement from areas of
high concentration to low)
Osmosis
(movement of water)
Active Transport (requires
energy)
Facilitated Diffusion
Membrane pumps
(uses carrier proteins to
move large molecules
across the cell membrane)
(move molecules against
the concentration
gradient)
Movement of very large
molecules
Endocytosis
Exocytosis
(into the cell)
(out of the cell)
Part 3: Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration
8. Explain figure 6-12 on page 124
a) As light intensity increases, the rate of photosynthesis increases until it
reaches a maximum rate and then levels off at this rate b) As temperature
rises, so does the rate of photosynthesis until a certain temperature is
reached, then the rate decreases
9. Look at figure 6-5 on page 115. Which colors of light does chlorophyll absorb most and
which does it absorb the least?
Most: red and blue Least: green
10. Create and fill in the chart below
Process
Organelle
Function
Products
Reactants
Photosynthesis
Chloroplast
Converts sun energy 6CO2 + 6H20 +
C6H1206 + 6O2
into chemical
sunlight
energy
Cellular Respiration
Mitochondrion
Converts sugar into C6H1206 + 6O2 + ADP 6CO2 + 6H20 + ATP
useable energy
+P
energy
(ATP)
DNA Station
Part 1: DNA Structure
1. Draw and label and nucleotide
See page 197 in your textbook
2. What are the base pairing rules?
A pairs with T, C pairs with G
3. DNA base pairs are held together by these bonds.
Hydrogen bonds
4. What is the backbone of DNA made up of (the sides)?
Phosphate and deoxyribose sugar
5. Replicate the following strand of DNA
TTGCAACGC
AACGTTGCG
6. Which enzyme unwinds and unzips DNA?
Helicase
7. DNA replication is said to be this because the two molecules made receive one old and
one new strand.
Semi-conservative
Part 2: Central Dogma
8. Draw the central dogma including the following words: DNA, protein, transcription,
replication, RNA, translation.
9. Create and fill in the following chart using page 205
Type of RNA
Function
mRNA
Carries the instructions
from a gene to make a
protein
rRNA
Part of the structure of
ribosomes
Picture
See pictures on page 205
tRNA
Transfers amino acids to
the ribosome to make a
protein
10. Create and fill in the following chart
Process
Products
Replication
DNA
Transcription
mRNA
Protein (strand of amino
Translation
acids)
Location
nucleus
nucleus
ribosome
11. Define codon.
A three nucleotide sequence (triplet) of mRNA that codes for an amino acid
12. Transcribe the following DNA into mRNA
T ACGCC TGCATT
AUGCGGACGUAA
13. Translate your mRNA into amino acids by using the genetic code on page 207
Met-Arg-Thr-Stop
Biotechnology and Genetics
Part 1: Biotechnology
1. What are transgenic organisms?
Organisms that contains DNA/genes from other organisms
2. What is a plasmid?
Small, circular DNA that is separate from a bacteria’s main chromosome, can be
used by scientists to change the traits of bacteria
3. What are two benefits of GMOs and what are two concerns?
Benefit: can increase food production, can make food more nutritious
Concerns: could produce bad mutations, could harm other organisms (including
humans)
Part 2: Genetics
4. Define genetics.
The study of heredity: the study of how genes are passed from parents to offspring
5. Make and fill in the chart below
Inheritance
Pattern
Definition
# of
phenotypes
Example
Dominant/recessive
Codominant
One trait is dominant
over the other, the
recessive is
completely masked
by the dominant
Two equally
expressed
dominant
alleles
2
3
Purple and white
flowers in pea plants
PP: purple
Pp: purple
pp: white
RR: red cattle
RW: red and
white cattle
(roan)
WW: white
cattle
6. Create this chart and fill it in.
Blood Type
A
B
AB
O
Incomplete
Dominance
Neither allele
is fully
expressed or
dominant
over the
other
3
4 o’clock
flowers
RR: red
Rr: pink
Rr: white
Polygenic
Many genes
control one
trait
Many
Skin color
Genotype
IA IA or IAi
IB IB or IBi
IA IB
ii
7. Red unicorns are dominant to purple unicorns. Cross a heterozygous unicorn with a
purple unicorn.
a. Parents genotype ___Rr X rr_________________
b. Offspring phenotype and percentage___Red 50%, Purple 50%______________
c. Offspring genotype and percentage ___Rr 50%, rr 50%_______________
8. Blue, yellow, and green frogs exist. A blue frog (BB) mate with a green frog (BY). What
type of inheritance pattern does this follow? What percent of their offspring will be
green?
Incomplete dominance: 50%
9. What is a lethal allele?
A version of an allele that causes the person to die (kept in the gene pool by
carriers, heterozygous individuals, you will only die from the disease if you have
both recessive copies)
10. What is a karyotype and what is it used for?
A karyotype is a picture of all of the chromosomes in a cell. It is used to diagnose
genetic diseases due to missing and extra chromosomes or chromosomes that are
missing or have extra parts, it is also used to determine the sex of the child.
11. What is a pedigree and what is it used for?
A special type of family tree used to look at the phenotypes of family members for
a certain disease or trait. Genotypes can also be determined from pedigrees. A
pedigree can be used to determine the probability of this disease or trait being
present in future offspring.