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EE3 2.1 COMMANDS Nombre___________________________ Informal Commands: requesting or telling someone (informal) to do or not to do something. TÚ affirmative (+) ar = a er/ir = e estudiar = ¡estudia! correr = ¡corre! Irregulars: hacer= haz tener = ten ir = ve venir = ven decir = di salir = sal ser = sé poner = pon *Same stem changes as the present indicative! *with reflexive verbs – attach pronoun to the end of the command! Accent 3 vowels back from the end! Examples: cuidarse = cuídate relajarse = relájate ponerse = ponte TÚ negative (-) “go from the yo, drop the o, & add the opposite ending” ar = es er/ir = as Irregulars: ir = no vayas ser = no seas dar = no des estar = no estés saber = no sepas estudiar = ¡no estudies! correr = ¡no corras! *By going from the ‘yo’ you will be keeping the present tense stem-changes! *with reflexive verbs – place pronoun before the conjugated verb! cuidarse = no te cuides relajarse = no te relajes ponerse = no te pongas *Spelling changes: car, gar zar verbs change spelling in negative tú commands to keep the same sound. car – ques gar – gues zar – ces Affirmative & Negative Usted, Ustedes & Nosotros commands: requesting or telling someone formal, a group of people or a group including yourself (Let's!) to do or not to do something. There is no difference between these +/- commands, just add NO to make it negative. Endings - go from the yo, drop the o, & add the opposite ending! *(shoe verb rules apply and the sole change of e-i & o-u applies to ir verbs in the nosotros form only!!) ar er/ir = = examples: Ud. e a Uds. en an Nosotros emos amos *Vosotros + ad / - éis + id / - áis hablar = ¡(No) hable! ¡(No) hablen! ¡(No) hablemos! ¡Hablad! / ¡No habléis! salir = ¡(No) salga! ¡(No) salgan! ¡(No) salgamos! ¡Salid! / ¡No salgáis! If you want to put emphasis on the command or make sure they know it is a command, put the subject after the verb. examples: hablar = ¡No hablen Uds.! salir = ¡No salga Ud.! Irregulars - these are the commands for the following verbs, you do not need to add anything else! ir = (no) vaya, vayan, vamos/no vayamos ser = (no) sea, sean, seamos dar = (no) dé, den, demos estar = (no) esté, estén, estemos saber = (no) sepa, sepan, sepamos *Commands with reflexive verbs – Affirmative commands = attach pronoun to the end of the command and accent 3 vowels back. Negative commands = place pronoun before the conjugated verb! *(No accents needed) cuidarse = ¡Cuídese! ¡No se cuide! relajarse = ¡Relájense! ¡No se relajen! ponerse = ¡Pongámonos!* ¡No nos pongamos! *Spelling changes car, gar zar verbs change spelling in both affirmative and negative Ud./Uds./Nosotros *(& negative vosotros) commands to keep the same sound. car – ques gar – gues zar - ces tocar = ¡(No) toque, toquen, toquemos! llegar = ¡(No) llegue, lleguen, lleguemos! almorzar = ¡(No) almuerce, almuercen, almorcemos!